Version July 2025
ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ECG: electrocardiogram; ESKD: end-stage kidney disease; IV: intravenous; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; RAS: renin-angiotensin system.
* Cardiac manifestations of hyperkalemia are discussed in detail in the topic on clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia.
¶ Some experts given IV calcium only to patients with ECG changes. Details are presented in the topic on treatment of hyperkalemia.