Differential diagnosis of hyperventilation

Acute hyperventilation episode	Intermittent, episodic hyperventilation episodes
Pulmonary disorders
Pneumothorax Pulmonary embolism Pneumonia Exacerbation of asthma/COPD Upper airway obstruction Intrapulmonary shunt Interstitial lung disease High altitude sickness	Asthma COPD Paradoxical vocal fold motion Upper airway obstruction
Cardiovascular disorders
Acute coronary syndrome Heart failure Dysrhythmias Shock	Angina Heart failure Dysrhythmias
Metabolic disorders
Anion gap acidosis (eg, ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, salicylate poisoning, non-ethanol alcohol toxicity, carbon monoxide poisoning) Nonanion gap acidosis (eg, renal failure) Hypocalcemia Hypoglycemia	Diabetic ketoacidosis
Endocrine disorders
Hyperthyroidism Pheochromocytoma	Hyperthyroidism Pheochromocytoma
Neurologic and psychologic disorders
Central nervous system tumor Certain stroke syndromes (eg, hemispheric) Anxiety, panic Pain	Anxiety, panic Pain Hyperventilation syndrome
Miscellaneous
Pregnancy Hepatic failure Sepsis

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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