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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Summary of the characteristics of different types of hearing loss seen in infants

Summary of the characteristics of different types of hearing loss seen in infants
Type Description Duration Site Examples
Conductive Caused by abnormalities of the outer or middle ear, which limit the amount of external sound that gains access to the inner ear (cochlea and vestibular apparatus) Transient or permanent Outer ear
  • Transient:
    • Blockage of ear canal by cerumen or amniotic fluid
    • Debris in ear canal
  • Permanent:
    • Congenital microtia or atresia
Middle ear
  • Transient:
    • Acute otitis media
    • Middle ear effusion
    • Tympanic membrane perforation
  • Permanent:
    • Ossicular chain anomaly (eg, absent stapes)
    • Temporal bone fracture (birth trauma)
    • Craniofacial abnormalities of the pinna or ear canal
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)* Caused by malfunction of inner ear structures (outer and inner hair cells and CN VIII components of the auditory neural pathway) resulting in impaired neuro-conduction of sound energy to the brainstem from the inner ear Permanent Inner ear, including outer and inner hair cells and CN VIII components of the auditory neural pathway
  • Bacterial sepsis or meningitis
  • Congenital viral infections (eg, CMV and Zika)
  • ECMO
  • Extreme prematurity
  • Hereditary/genetic hearing loss (eg, GJB2 and STRC mutations)
  • Hyperbilirubinemia
  • HIE
  • Ototoxic medications (eg, aminoglycosides)
Auditory neuropathy (AN)* Caused by impaired neural processing of auditory stimuli with a deficit in the perception or complete analysis of auditory information Permanent CN VIII, auditory brainstem, cerebral cortex
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • Congenital syndromes with brain abnormalities
  • Congenital viral infection (rubella, CMV, and Zika)
  • Genetic disorders (eg, OTOF mutations)
  • HIE
  • Hyperbilirubinemia
  • Mitochondrial disease
  • Ototoxic medications (eg, aminoglycosides)
  • Prenatal exposure to heavy metals or alcohol
Mixed SNHL or AN in combination with conductive hearing loss Permanent Outer, middle, and inner ear
  • Congenital infection (eg, Zika) with both microtia and SNHL

CN: cranial nerve; CMV: cytomegalovirus; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HIE: hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

* There is overlap of examples between sensorineural hearing loss and auditory neuropathy as some conditions affect both components of the inner ear and the neural processing of auditory stimuli through CN VIII, brain stem and cerebral cortex.

¶ Extreme prematurity is defined as a gestational age <28 weeks.
Graphic 111236 Version 4.0

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