Society guideline links: Pediatric bone health

Introduction — 

This topic includes links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and regions around the world. We will update these links periodically; newer versions of some guidelines may be available on each society's website. Some societies may require users to log in to access their guidelines.

The recommendations in the following guidelines may vary from those that appear in UpToDate topic reviews. Readers who are looking for UpToDate topic reviews should use the UpToDate search box to find the relevant content.

Links to related guidelines are provided separately:

●(See "Society guideline links: Vitamin deficiencies".)

●(See "Society guideline links: Vitamin D deficiency".)

●(See "Society guideline links: Clinical densitometry".)

●(See "Society guideline links: Healthy diet in children and adolescents".)

●(See "Society guideline links: Nutrition support (parenteral and enteral nutrition) in infants and children".)

●(See "Society guideline links: Pediatric malnutrition".)

International

●Endocrine Society (ES): Clinical practice guideline on vitamin D for the prevention of disease (2024)

●World Health Organization (WHO): Recommendations on maternal and newborn care for a positive postnatal experience (2022)

●International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group (IGHG): Evidence-based recommendations on bone mineral density surveillance for childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors (2021)

●International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD): Official positions – Pediatric (2019)

●Vitamin D supplementation guidelines (2018)

●Monitoring guidance for patients with hypophosphatasia treated with asfotase alfa (2017)

●Clinical guidelines for management of bone health in Rett syndrome based on expert consensus and available evidence (2016)

●Global consensus recommendations on prevention and management of nutritional rickets (2016)

●Vitamin D in childhood and adolescence – An expert position statement (2015)

●Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine (SAHM): A position statement on the recommended vitamin D intake and management of low vitamin D status in adolescents (2013)

Canada

●Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS): Position statement on preventing symptomatic vitamin D deficiency and rickets among Indigenous infants and children in Canada (2022)

●CPS: Practice point on evaluating and optimizing bone health in children with chronic health conditions (2022)

●Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR): Technical standards for bone mineral densitometry reporting (2013)

United States

●American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Clinical report on the role of the pediatrician in the promotion of healthy, active living (2024)

●Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Vitamin D (2024)

●National Institutes of Health (NIH): Calcium – Fact sheet for health professionals (updated 2024)

●AAP: Clinical report on bone densitometry in children and adolescents (2016, reaffirmed 2023)

●National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS): Health topics – Kids and their bones (updated 2023)

●NIH: Vitamin D – Fact sheet for health professionals (updated 2023)

●AAP: Clinical report on the female athlete triad (2016, reaffirmed 2022)

●AAP: Clinical report on promoting the participation of children and adolescents with disabilities in sports, recreation, and physical activity (2021)

●AAP: Clinical report on physical activity assessment and counseling in pediatric clinical settings (2020)

●American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT): An expert panel opinion for bone health management after hematopoietic cell transplantation (2020)

●Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES): Referral guidelines for child with suspected rickets (2020)

●PES: Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management – Review of current knowledge and recommendations (2020)

●American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine (AACPDM): Informing evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for children with cerebral palsy at risk of osteoporosis – An update (2016)

●AAP: Clinical report on optimizing bone health in children and adolescents (2014)

Europe

●European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP): Statement on vitamin D in European children (2017)

●European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN): Consensus statement on vitamin D in the healthy European paediatric population (2013)

United Kingdom

●UK NorthStar guidance: Recommendation of endocrine & bone monitoring in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) (2020, revised 2023)

●Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN): A national clinical guideline for management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures (2015, revised 2021)

●Royal Osteoporosis Society (ROS): Vitamin D and bone health – A practical clinical guideline for patient management in children and young people (2018)

●National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Public health guideline on vitamin D – Supplement use in specific population groups (2014, updated 2017)

●Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN): Vitamin D and health (2016)

India

●Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP): Revised guidelines on prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency and rickets (2021)

Australia–New Zealand

●Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA): Position statement for use and interpretation of vitamin D testing (2013, updated 2023)

●Choosing Wisely Australia: Do not perform population based screening for Vitamin D deficiency (2022)

●Australasian Pediatric Endocrine Group (APEG): Consensus guidelines on the use of bisphosphonate therapy in children and adolescents (2018)

●SA Health: South Australian Paediatric clinical practice guidelines – Vitamin D deficiency in children (2012, reviewed 2018)

●Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society (ANZBMS) and Osteoporosis Australia (OA): Vitamin D and health in pregnancy, infants, children and adolescents in Australia and New Zealand – A position statement (2013)

●ANZBMS, OA, and the Endocrine Society of Australia (ESA): Position statement on calcium and bone health (2009)

Japan

●Choosing Wisely Japan: Vitamin D testing – When to test and when not to test (2016)

●Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) Japan, the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research (JSBMR), and the Japan Endocrine Society (JES): Proposal by an expert panel on assessment criteria for vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in Japan (2016)

●MHLW Japan, JSBMR, and JES: Proposal by an expert panel on the pathogenesis and diagnostic criteria for rickets and osteomalacia (2015)