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Colorectal cancer TNM staging AJCC UICC 8th edition

Colorectal cancer TNM staging AJCC UICC 8th edition
Primary tumor (T)
T category T criteria
TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor
Tis Carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma (involvement of lamina propria with no extension through muscularis mucosae)
T1 Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria)
T2 Tumor invades the muscularis propria
T3 Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues
T4 Tumor invades* the visceral peritoneum or invades or adheres to adjacent organ or structure
T4a Tumor invades* through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum)
T4b Tumor directly invades* or adheres to adjacent organs or structures
* Direct invasion in T4 includes invasion of other organs or other segments of the colorectum as a result of direct extension through the serosa, as confirmed on microscopic examination (for example, invasion of the sigmoid colon by a carcinoma of the cecum) or, for cancers in a retroperitoneal or subperitoneal location, direct invasion of other organs or structures by virtue of extension beyond the muscularis propria (ie, respectively, a tumor on the posterior wall of the descending colon invading the left kidney or lateral abdominal wall; or a mid or distal rectal cancer with invasion of prostate, seminal vesicles, cervix, or vagina).
¶ Tumor that is adherent to other organs or structures, grossly, is classified cT4b. However, if no tumor is present in the adhesion, microscopically, the classification should be pT1-4a depending on the anatomical depth of wall invasion. The V and L classification should be used to identify the presence or absence of vascular or lymphatic invasion whereas the PN prognostic factor should be used for perineural invasion.
Regional lymph nodes (N)
N category N criteria
NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
N1 One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring ≥0.2 mm), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative
N1a One regional lymph node is positive
N1b Two or three regional lymph nodes are positive
N1c No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the:
  • Subserosa
  • Mesentery
  • Nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues
N2 Four or more regional nodes are positive
N2a Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive
N2b Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive
Distant metastasis (M)
M category M criteria
M0 No distant metastasis by imaging, etc; no evidence of tumor in distant sites or organs. (This category is not assigned by pathologists.)
M1 Metastasis to one or more distant sites or organs or peritoneal metastasis is identified
M1a Metastasis to one site or organ is identified without peritoneal metastasis
M1b Metastasis to two or more sites or organs is identified without peritoneal metastasis
M1c Metastasis to the peritoneal surface is identified alone or with other site or organ metastases
Prognostic stage groups
When T is... And N is... And M is... Then the stage group is...
Tis N0 M0 0
T1, T2 N0 M0 I
T3 N0 M0 IIA
T4a N0 M0 IIB
T4b N0 M0 IIC
T1-T2 N1/N1c M0 IIIA
T1 N2a M0 IIIA
T3-T4a N1/N1c M0 IIIB
T2-T3 N2a M0 IIIB
T1-T2 N2b M0 IIIB
T4a N2a M0 IIIC
T3-T4a N2b M0 IIIC
T4b N1-N2 M0 IIIC
Any T Any N M1a IVA
Any T Any N M1b IVB
Any T Any N M1c IVC
TNM: Tumor, Node, Metastasis; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control.
Used with permission of the American College of Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois. The original source for this information is the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, Eighth Edition (2017) published by Springer International Publishing. Corrected at 4th printing, 2018.
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