Combined modality therapy for bladder preservation in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer*

TURBT: transurethral resection of bladder tumor.
* A bladder preservation approach may be indicated for patients who are medically unfit for radical cystectomy or who have a strong desire to preserve the native bladder.
¶ Radiation therapy may be given as either a split-course or continuous-course approach; there are no trials comparing these two approaches, and the choice of approach is based upon institutional expertise and preferences.