Introduction — This topic includes links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and regions around the world. We will update these links periodically; newer versions of some guidelines may be available on each society's website. Some societies may require users to log in to access their guidelines.
The recommendations in the following guidelines may vary from those that appear in UpToDate topic reviews. Readers who are looking for UpToDate topic reviews should use the UpToDate search box to find the relevant content.
Links to related guidelines are provided separately. (See "Society guideline links: Infections involving cardiac implantable electronic devices" and "Society guideline links: Arrhythmias in adults" and "Society guideline links: Ventricular arrhythmias".)
International
●Heart Rhythm Society (HRS): Expert consensus statement on the management of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in patients nearing end of life or requesting withdrawal of therapy (2010, reaffirmed 2023)
●HRS/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS): Guideline on cardiac physiologic pacing for the avoidance and mitigation of heart failure (2023)
●HRS/European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/APHRS/LAHRS: Expert consensus statement on practical management of the remote device clinic (2023)
●HRS: Expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction (2017, reaffirmed 2022)
●HRS: Expert consensus statement on magnetic resonance imaging and radiation exposure in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (2017, reaffirmed 2022)
●HRS/American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA): Expert consensus statement on the perioperative management of patients with implantable defibrillators, pacemakers, and arrhythmia monitors – Facilities and patient management (2011, reaffirmed 2021)
●EHRA, HRS, APHRS, LAHRS, European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), and International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID): International consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections (2020)
●EHRA/HRS/APHRS/LAHRS: Expert consensus on risk assessment in cardiac arrhythmias – Use the right tool for the right outcome (2020)
●HRS: Expert consensus statement on remote interrogation and monitoring for cardiovascular electronic implantable devices (2015, reaffirmed 2020)
●HRS/American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA): Expert consensus statement on the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients who are not included or not well represented in clinical trials (2014, reaffirmed 2020)
●HRS/American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF): Expert consensus statement on pacemaker device mode selection (2012, reaffirmed 2020)
●HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS: Expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing, focused update (2019)
●ACC/AHA/HRS: Guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay (2018)
●HRS: Cybersecurity vulnerabilities of cardiac implantable electronic devices – Communication strategies for clinicians (2018)
●ACCF/HRS/AHA/American Society of Echocardiography (ASE)/Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA)/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI)/Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT)/Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR): Appropriate use criteria for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy (2013)
●EHRA/HRS: Expert consensus statement on cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure – Implant and follow-up recommendations and management (2012)
Canada
●Choosing Wisely Canada: Don't give prophylactic antibiotics prior to dental procedures to patients with total joint replacement or nonvalvular cardiac and other indwelling devices (updated 2022)
●Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS)/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS): Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator society guidelines, 2016 (published 2017)
●CCS: Society guidelines on the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy – Evidence and patient selection (2013)
●CCS: Society guidelines on the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy – Implementation (2013)
●CCS/CHRS: Joint society position statement on the use of remote monitoring for cardiovascular implantable electronic device follow-up (2013)
●CCS/Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society (CAS)/CHRS: Joint society position statement on the perioperative management of patients with implanted pacemakers, defibrillators, and neurostimulating devices (2012)
●CCS: Consensus conference guidelines on heart failure – Diagnosis and management of right-sided heart failure, myocarditis, device therapy and recent important clinical trials, update (2009)
United States
●American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC)/Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA): Guideline for the management of heart failure (2022)
●Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA): Expert consensus statement on the perioperative management of patients with implantable defibrillators, pacemakers, and arrhythmia monitors – Facilities and patient management (2011, reaffirmed 2021)
●HRS/ACC/AHA: Expert consensus statement on the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients who are not included or not well represented in clinical trials (2014, reaffirmed 2020)
●HRS/American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF): Expert consensus statement on pacemaker device mode selection (2012, reaffirmed 2020)
●ACC/AHA/HRS: Guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay (2018)
●AHA: Science advisory on wearable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy for the prevention of sudden cardiac death (2016)
●ACCF/HRS/AHA/American Society of Echocardiography (ASE)/HFSA/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI)/Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT)/Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR): Appropriate use criteria for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy (2013)
Europe
●Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS): Expert consensus statement on practical management of the remote device clinic (2023)
●European Society of Cardiology (ESC): Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death (2022)
●ESC: Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy (2021)
●EHRA, HRS, APHRS, LAHRS, European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), and International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID): International consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections (2020)
●EHRA/HRS/APHRS/LAHRS: Expert consensus on risk assessment in cardiac arrhythmias – Use the right tool for the right outcome (2020)
●EHRA: Consensus document on management of arrhythmias and cardiac electronic devices in the critically ill and post-surgery patient (2019)
●HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS: Expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing, focused update (2019)
●EHRA/HRS: Expert consensus statement on cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure – Implant and follow-up recommendations and management (2012)
United Kingdom
●British Heart Rhythm Society (BHRS): Guidelines for the management of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) around the time of surgery (revised 2023)
●BHRS: Clinical standards and guidelines for the follow up of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) for cardiac rhythm management (2022)
●BHRS: Guidelines for the peri-operative management of people with cardiac implantable electronic devices (2022)
●BHRS: UK expert consensus statement for the optimal use and clinical utility of leadless pacing systems (2022)
●Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA): Assessing fitness to drive – A guide for medical professionals: Cardiological disorders (2016, updated 2022)
●Joint British Society consensus recommendations for magnetic resonance imaging for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (2022)
●National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Interventional procedures guidance on permanent His-bundle pacemaker implantation for treating heart failure (2021)
●NICE: Medical technologies guidance on ENDURALIFE powered CRT-D devices for treating heart failure (2017, updated 2021)
●BHRS: Standards for insertion, follow up and explant of implantable loop recorders [ILRs] by non‐medical staff, 2nd edition (2020)
●NICE: Medical technologies guidance on Zio XT for detecting cardiac arrhythmias (2020)
●Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN): National clinical guideline for the management of chronic heart failure – Interventional procedures (2016, revalidated 2019)
●BHRS: Standards for implantation and follow-up of cardiac rhythm management devices in adults (revised 2018)
●NICE: Interventional procedures guidance on leadless cardiac pacemaker implantation for bradyarrhythmias (2018)
●NICE: Interventional procedures guidance on subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator insertion for preventing sudden cardiac death (2017)
●Resuscitation Council UK, British Cardiovascular Society (BCS), and National Council for Palliative Care (NCPC): Cardiovascular implanted electronic devices in people towards the end of life, during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and after death (2015)
Australia–New Zealand
●Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ): Position statement on the follow-up of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (2022)
●National Heart Foundation of Australia (NHFA) and CSANZ: Guidelines for the prevention, detection and management of chronic heart failure in Australia (2018)
●National Transport Commission of Australia (NTC Australia): Assessing fitness to drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers – Cardiovascular conditions (2016, amended 2017)
●CSANZ: Clinical standards – Prevention of accidental exposure to high voltage electric shocks during the preparation for burial of deceased persons with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) (2014)
Japan
●[In Japanese] Japanese Circulation Society (JCS)/Japanese Society for Cardiovascular Surgery (JSCVS)/Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery (JATS)/Japanese Society for Vascular Surgery (JSVS): Guideline on implantable left ventricular assist device for patients with advanced heart failure (2021)
●[In Japanese] Choosing Wisely Japan: Cardiac implantable cardioverter at the terminal stage – When necessary and when it is not necessary (2016)
●[In Japanese] JCS: Guidelines for rehabilitation in society, attending school and working in patients treated with pacemaker, ICD and CRT (2013)
