Society guideline links: Envenomation by snakes, arthropods (spiders and scorpions), and marine animals

Introduction — This topic includes links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and regions around the world. We will update these links periodically; newer versions of some guidelines may be available on each society's website. Some societies may require users to log in to access their guidelines.

The recommendations in the following guidelines may vary from those that appear in UpToDate topic reviews. Readers who are looking for UpToDate topic reviews should use the UpToDate search box to find the relevant content.

Links to related guidelines are provided separately. (See "Society guideline links: Regional poison control centers" and "Society guideline links: Management of environmental emergencies".)

International

●World Health Organization (WHO): Guidelines for the management of snakebites, 2nd edition (2016)

●American College of Medical Toxicology (ACMT), American Academy of Clinical Toxicology (AACT), American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC), European Association of Poison Control Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT), International Society on Toxinology (IST), and Asia Pacific Association of Medical Toxicology (APAMT): Position statement for pressure immobilization after North American Crotalinae snake envenomation (2011)

●WHO: Guidelines for the prevention and clinical management of snakebite in Africa (2010)

Canada

●Wilderness Medical Society (WMS): Practice guidelines for the treatment of pitviper envenomations in the United States and Canada (2015)

●American College of Medical Toxicology (ACMT), American Academy of Clinical Toxicology (AACT), American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC), European Association of Poison Control Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT), International Society on Toxinology (IST), and Asia Pacific Association of Medical Toxicology (APAMT): Position statement for pressure immobilization after North American Crotalinae snake envenomation (2011)

United States

●Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Yellow Book 2024 – Health Information for International Travel: Food poisoning from marine toxins (published 2023)

●American Academy of Emergency Medicine (AAEM): Clinical practice statement – How should native crotalid envenomation be managed in the emergency department? (2020, updated 2021)

●Joint Trauma System (JTS): Clinical practice guideline on global snake envenomation management (2020)

●Wilderness Medical Society (WMS): Practice guidelines for the treatment of pitviper envenomations in the United States and Canada (2015)

●American College of Medical Toxicology (ACMT), American Academy of Clinical Toxicology (AACT), American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC), European Association of Poison Control Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT), International Society on Toxinology (IST), and Asia Pacific Association of Medical Toxicology (APAMT): Position statement for pressure immobilization after North American Crotalinae snake envenomation (2011)

Australia–New Zealand

●Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC): The ARC guidelines – Section 9.4: Envenomation (updated 2021)

•Australian and New Zealand Committee on Resuscitation (ANZCOR): Guideline 9.4.1 – Australian snake bite (2021)

•ANZCOR Guideline 9.4.2 – Australian spider bite (2021)

•Guideline 9.4.5 – Jellyfish stings (2014)

•Guideline 9.4.6 – Blue-ringed octopus and cone shell (2014)

•Guideline 9.4.7 – Envenomation: Fish stings (2014)

•Guideline 9.4.8 – Pressure immobilisation technique (2014)

●Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS): Clinical practice guidelines on toxicology and toxinology – Envenomation: Marine (2021)

●QAS: Clinical practice guidelines on toxicology and toxinology – Envenomation: Spider (2020)

●QAS: Clinical practice guidelines on toxicology and toxinology – Envenomation: Snake (2020)

●Government of South Australia: Management guidelines on snakebite and spiderbite (2018)

●Choosing Wisely Australia: Avoid coagulation studies in emergency department patients unless there is a clearly defined specific clinical indication, such as for monitoring of anticoagulants, in patients with suspected severe liver disease, coagulopathy, or in the assessment of snakebite envenomation (2015)

●A clinician's guide to Australian venomous bites and stings (2013)