A simplified view of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory ligand-receptor pairs that regulate T cell activity

Note that some binding partners involving some molecules, such as VISTA, are still being explored. Many additional co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules (not shown) are involved in T cell activity and in the tumor microenvironment.

Original figure modified for this publication. Callahan MK, Postow MA, Wolchok JD. Immunomodulatory therapy for melanoma: ipilimumab and beyond. Clin Dermatol 2013; 31:191. Illustration used with the permission of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Graphic 112935 Version 1.0

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