Etiologic factors and clinical associations for aplasia cutis congenita

ACC clinical phenotype	Proposed etiology	Other associations
Cranial and facial membranous aplasia cutis	Developmental: Incomplete closure of embryonic fusion lines	Organoid nevi
Cranial, large, midline, irregular-shaped defects	Developmental: Incomplete closure of neural tube and genetic	Bone defects, hydrocephalus, arteriovenous fistula, sinus thrombosis
Reticulated facial lesions	Genetic: Chromosomal abnormality	X-p22 deletion syndrome
Truncal or extremity, stellate aplasia cutis	Vascular disruption	Fetus papyraceus, placental insufficiency, gastrointestinal atresia, abdominal malformations (gastroschisis, omphalocele)
Extremity, angulated defects	Increased skin fragility	Epidermolysis bullosa
Small, scar-like defects	Maternal infection	Varicella, herpes simplex virus infections

ACC: aplasia cutis congenita.

Original table modified for this publication. From: Drolet BA. Developmental abnormalities. In: Neonatal and Infant Dermatology, 3rd ed, Eichenfield LF, Frieden IJ (Eds), Elsevier Saunders 2015. p. 105. Table used with the permission of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Etiologic factors and clinical associations for aplasia cutis congenita