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تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Twin pregnancy nutritional recommendations

Twin pregnancy nutritional recommendations
Intervention First trimester Second trimester Third trimester
Maternal weight/weight gain Assess maternal pregravid BMI, determine BMI-specific weight gain goals Assess/counsel regarding maternal BMI-specific weight gain (each prenatal care visit) Assess/counsel regarding maternal BMI-specific weight gain (each prenatal care visit)
Caloric requirements (kcal × kg–1 × d–1)
Normal BMI 40 to 45 Alter as necessary for weight gain goal Alter as necessary for weight gain goal
Underweight 42 to 50
Overweight 30 to 35
Micronutrient supplement (daily total intake)
MVI with iron (30 mg elemental tablets) 1 2 2
Calcium (mg) 1500 2500 2500
Vitamin D (international units) 1000 1000 1000
Magnesium (mg) 400 800 800
Zinc (mg) 15 30 30
DHA/EPA (mg) 300 to 500 300 to 500 300 to 500
Folic acid (mg) 1 1 1
Vitamin C/E (mg/international units) 500 to 1000/400 500 to 1000/400 500 to 1000/400
Nutritional consultation Yes Repeat if not at weight gain goal, anemia, GDM Repeat if not at weight gain goal, anemia, GDM
Laboratory nutritional assessment Hemoglobin ferritin folate/B12 early screen for GDM (risk factors) vitamin D Follow up abnormalities from first trimester Hemoglobin ferritin GDM screen with or without vitamin D
Risk factor-appropriate exercise or reduction in activity Screen Screen Screen
Daily energy intake is divided over three meals and three snacks, with 20% of calories from protein, 40% of calories from low-glycemic index carbohydrates, and 40% of calories from fat.
BMI: body mass index; MVI: multivitamin; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus.
From: Goodnight W, Newman R. Optimal nutrition for improved twin pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114:1121. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181bb14c8. Copyright © 2009 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Reproduced with permission from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this material is prohibited.
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