Management of nonpalpable regional lymph nodes in penile squamous cell carcinoma

LND: lymph node dissection; LAP: laparoscopic; RAIL: robotic-assisted inguinal lymphadenectomy; DNSB: dynamic sentinel node biopsy.
* DSNB and minimally invasive (eg, RAIL and LAP) surgical techniques are limited to centers with appropriate expertise.
¶ Management with surveillance requires adequate compliance. DNSB or inguinal LND is an alternative if the patient is unable or unwilling to comply.
Δ If not completed as a component of initial lymph node evaluation.
◊ Ipsilateral pelvic LND based upon ipsilateral findings at inguinal LND.
§ Patients should be offered adjuvant therapy. Refer to UpToDate content on management of penile carcinoma.