In this pathobiologic model, protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB), chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD), and radiographic-confirmed bronchiectasis likely represent a spectrum of disease, with similar underlying mechanisms of airway neutrophilia, endobronchial bacterial infection, and impaired mucociliary clearance. If PBB is untreated, it is likely that some (but not all) children will progress to develop CSLD. Some will ultimately develop bronchiectasis, which is initially reversible but may become irreversible. There is some overlap between these entities.
Modified from: Chang AB, Upham JW, Masters IB, et al. Protracted bacterial bronchitis: The last decade and the road ahead. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51:225.
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