Version June 2024
| Sniff test |
| Required to confirm paralysis* |
| May be difficult to diagnose bilateral paralysis |
| Can demonstrate paresis, paralysis, or paradoxical movement |
| Pulmonary spirometry |
| Unilateral: Mild-to-moderate restrictive deficit, or sometimes normal in spite of symptoms |
| Bilateral: Moderate-to-severe restrictive deficit |
| Mixed deficit if comorbid conditions are present |
| Electrodiagnostics |
| Phrenic nerve conduction studies quantitate the neural and motor deficits and compare value obtained (right and left) to standard values |
| Diaphragm electromyography to assess whether there is preservation of VMUs to determine feasibility of reinnervation |
| Most important for surgical decision making |
| Used to rule out polyneuropathy and systemic neurodegenerative conditions¶ |
| Technically demanding; availability limited due to lack of skilled technicians with significant experience in phrenic nerve and diaphragm testing |
| MR imaging cervical spine |
| Obtain when there is suspected or known history of cervical spine diseaseΔ |
| Findings useful to determine need for referral to spine surgeon |
| Does not show peripheral cervical root or phrenic nerve compression |
| CT neck and chest |
| Obtain when there is suspected or known history of organic pathology in neck or chest, or prior surgical intervention |
| Not necessary to confirm paralysis |
| Polysomnography |
| Used to confirm if there is sleep-disordered breathing◊ |
| Assists in determining utility of BiPAP or CPAP |
آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
