Sequential evaluation of hematuria in living kidney donor candidates*

* Hematuria is defined as more than 2 to 5 red blood cells/high power field on two to three separate occasions and is unrelated to exercise, trauma, sexual activity, or menstruation.
¶ Some clinicians also perform urologic evaluation if the candidate is younger than 35 years but has a significant smoking history or other risk factors for malignancy. However, there are no data that suggest a benefit of screening by cystoscopy among donor candidates <35 years.
Δ In general, a kidney biopsy is recommended at this stage. However, some clinicians will defer the biopsy if both the donor candidate and potential recipient wish to proceed without it.