Version June 2024
| Component | Function | Clinical relevance |
| Lipids | ||
| PC | Major component of the outer membrane leaflet | Rare cases of hemolytic anemia with high PC |
| SM | Major component of the outer membrane leaflet | Not described |
| PE | Major component of the inner membrane leaflet | Not described |
| PS | Major component of the inner membrane leaflet | Exposure on the outer membrane leaflet results in phagocytosis |
| Cholesterol | Regulates the "flippase" that controls membrane asymmetry | Increased in liver disease, creating target cells and spur cells |
| Integral membrane proteins | ||
| Band 3 (AE1) | Anion exchange (bicarbonate for chloride) Links membrane to underlying cytoskeleton Carries blood groups I, Diego | Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) Cryohydrocytosis (a subtype of hereditary stomatocytosis [HSt]) Distal renal tubular acidosis |
| Glycophorin C | Negative charge reduces RBC-RBC and RBC-vascular endothelial interactions Links membrane to underlying cytoskeleton Carries blood groups MN, S, Gerbich | Malaria resistance |
| Aquaphorin-1 | Water transport | Mild anemia due to deficiency |
| Glut-1 | Glucose transport | Mild anemia due to deficiency |
| Outer membrane proteins | ||
| Spectrin | Major structural protein that creates hexagonal array | HS |
| Ankyrin | Mechanically couples spectrin to band 3 | HS |
| Band 4.2 | Strengthens ankyrin-band 3 interaction | HS |
| Actin | Principal protein component of the junctional complex | Not described |
| Protein 4.1 | Stabilizes spectrin-actin interaction | HS/hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) |
| Adducin | Stabilizes spectrin-band 3 and spectrin-actin interactions | Not described |
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