Introduction —
This topic includes links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and regions around the world. We will update these links periodically; newer versions of some guidelines may be available on each society's website. Some societies may require users to log in to access their guidelines.
The recommendations in the following guidelines may vary from those that appear in UpToDate topic reviews. Readers who are looking for UpToDate topic reviews should use the UpToDate search box to find the relevant content.
Links to related guidelines are provided separately.
●(See "Society guideline links: Alcohol-associated liver disease".)
●(See "Society guideline links: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease)".)
●(See "Society guideline links: Primary biliary cholangitis".)
●(See "Society guideline links: Hyponatremia".)
●(See "Society guideline links: Gastrointestinal bleeding in adults".)
International
●International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH): Guidance on anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and treatment of venous thromboembolism and portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis (2024)
●Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM): Guidelines for the management of adult acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure in the ICU – Neurology, peri-transplant medicine, infectious disease, and gastroenterology considerations (2023)
●ISTH: Guidance for the periprocedural management of abnormal coagulation parameters and thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis (2022)
●ISTH: Guidance on thromboprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism prevention in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis (2022)
●SCCM: Guidelines for the management of adult acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure in the ICU – Cardiovascular, endocrine, hematologic, pulmonary, and renal considerations (2020)
Canada
●Choosing Wisely Canada: Don't routinely transfuse fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, or platelets to reverse abnormal tests of coagulation in patients with cirrhosis prior to abdominal paracentesis, endoscopic variceal band ligation, or any other minor invasive procedures (2024)
United States
●American Gastroenterological Association (AGA): Clinical practice update on management of portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis – Expert review (2025)
●American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD): Practice guidance on acute-on-chronic liver failure and the management of critically ill patients with cirrhosis (2024)
●AASLD: Practice guidance on risk stratification and management of portal hypertension and varices in cirrhosis (2024)
●AASLD: Practice guidance on the use of TIPS, variceal embolization, and retrograde transvenous obliteration in the management of variceal hemorrhage (2024)
●AGA: Clinical practice update on the use of vasoactive drugs and intravenous albumin in cirrhosis – Expert review (2024)
●AASLD: Practice guidance on palliative care and symptom-based management in decompensated cirrhosis (2022)
●American College of Gastroenterology (ACG): Acute-on-chronic liver failure clinical guidelines (2022)
●AGA: Clinical practice update on the evaluation and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis – Expert review (2022)
●AASLD: Practice guidance for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome (2021)
●AASLD: Practice guidance on malnutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis (2021)
●AGA: Clinical practice guideline on the management of coagulation disorders in patients with cirrhosis (2021)
●AGA: Clinical practice update on bariatric surgery in cirrhosis – Expert review (2021)
●AGA: Clinical practice update on palliative care management in cirrhosis – Expert review (2021)
●American College of Radiology (ACR): ACR Appropriateness Criteria on radiologic management of gastric varices (revised 2019)
●AGA: Clinical practice update on coagulation in cirrhosis – Expert review (2019)
Europe
●European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL)–European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)–European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO): Clinical practice guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) (2024)
●EASL: Clinical practice guidelines on acute-on-chronic liver failure (2023)
●European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN)/United European Gastroenterology (UEG): Practical guideline on obesity care in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases (2023)
•ESPEN/UEG: European guideline on obesity care in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases (2022)
●EASL: Clinical practice guidelines on prevention and management of bleeding and thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis (2022)
●EASL: Clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy (2022)
●European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE): Guideline for the endoscopic diagnosis and management of esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage (2022)
●EASL: Clinical practice guidelines on non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis, update (2021)
•EASL-Asociación Latinoamericana para el Estudio del Hígado (ALEH): Clinical practice guidelines on non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis (2015)
●ESGE: Cascade guideline for the endoscopic treatment of variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2020)
●ESPEN: Practical guideline on clinical nutrition in liver disease (2020)
•ESPEN: Guideline on clinical nutrition in liver disease (2019)
●EASL: Clinical practice guidelines on nutrition in chronic liver disease (2019)
●Liver Intensive Care Group of Europe (LICAGE): Position paper on perioperative hemostatic management in the cirrhotic patient (2019)
●EASL: Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis (2018)
United Kingdom
●British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG): Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis (2020, reviewed 2024)
●BSG: Best practice guidance for the outpatient management of cirrhosis – Part 1: Compensated cirrhosis (2023)
●BSG: Best practice guidance for the outpatient management of cirrhosis – Part 2: Decompensated cirrhosis (2023)
●BSG: Best practice guidance for the outpatient management of cirrhosis – Part 3: Special circumstances (2023)
●BSG: Guidance document – Risk assessment of patients with cirrhosis prior to elective non-hepatic surgery (2023)
●National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Guideline on cirrhosis in over 16s – Assessment and management (2016, updated 2023)
●British Association for the Study of the Liver (BASL)/BSG: Palliative long-term abdominal drains for the management of refractory ascites due to cirrhosis – A consensus document (2022)
●BSG: Guidelines for the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients (2015, reviewed 2022)
●NICE: Interventional procedures guidance on tunnelled peritoneal drainage catheter insertion for refractory ascites in cirrhosis (2022)
●NICE: Interventional procedures guidance on subcutaneous automated low-flow pump implantation for refractory ascites caused by cirrhosis (2018)
●NICE: Quality standard on liver disease (2017)
India
●Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL): Clinical practice guidelines on the management of acute kidney injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure (2024)
●APASL: Guidelines on acute-on-chronic liver failure – Consensus recommendations, update (2019)
•APASL: Guidelines on acute-on-chronic liver failure – Consensus recommendations (2014)
●APASL: Consensus guidelines on invasive and non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis, 2016 update (published 2017)
Australia–New Zealand
●Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL): Clinical practice guidelines on the management of acute kidney injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure (2024)
●Gastroenterological Society of Australia (GESA): Clinical update – Information for health professionals: Surgical risk in patients with cirrhosis (2022)
●APASL: Guidelines on acute-on-chronic liver failure – Consensus recommendations, update (2019)
•APASL: Guidelines on acute-on-chronic liver failure – Consensus recommendations (2014)
●APASL: Consensus guidelines on invasive and non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis, 2016 update (published 2017)
Japan
●[In English] Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL): Clinical practice guidelines on the management of acute kidney injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure (2024)
●[In English] Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) and Japanese Society of Hepatology (JSH): Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis, 2020 (published 2021)
●[In Japanese] JSGE and JSH: Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis, 3rd edition (2020)
●[In English] APASL: Guidelines on acute-on-chronic liver failure – Consensus recommendations, update (2019)
•[In English] APASL: Guidelines on acute-on-chronic liver failure – Consensus recommendations (2014)
●[In English] APASL: Consensus guidelines on invasive and non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis, 2016 update (published 2017)
