Pre- and intraoperative management of patients with a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator*

CIED: cardiac implantable electronic device; ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; PM: pacemaker; EMI: electromagnetic interference.

* Refer to UpToDate topics addressing perioperative management of patients with a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

• Is the CIED programming optimal for the patient's current status?
• Should antitachycardia therapy be disabled?
• Is the patient pacing dependent and if so, is an asynchronous pacing mode needed?
• Is a more rapid pacing rate needed?
• Should rate response be disabled?
• Has the location of the surgical procedure and patient positioning been taken into consideration (eg, difficulties with maintaining a magnet in a stable position, inaccessibility of the magnet, or jeopardy to sterility of the surgical field)?
• Is the operative care team aware of the intraoperative and postoperative CIED management plan (eg, reprogramming or magnet use when indicated)?

Δ Refer to related UpToDate content.