Examples of epigenetic marks and their regulators

Enzymes that add (write) or remove (erase) epigenetic marks
Mark	Writer	Eraser
DNA methylation	DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)	Methylcytosine dioxygenases
DNA hydroxymethylation*	Methylcytosine dioxygenases	Dehydroxymethylases
Histone acetylation	Histone acetyltransferase (HAT)	Histone deacetylase (HDAC)
Histone methylation	Histone methyltransferase	Histone demethylase
Histone phosphorylation	Histone kinase	Histone phosphatase
Histone ubiquitination	Histone ubiquitin ligase	Histone deubiquitinase
Histone ribosylation

This list provides examples of epigenetic marks and the enzymes that create and remove them (writers and erasers, respectively). This is not an exhaustive list. A third class of proteins, referred to as "readers," detects the epigenetic marks. The readers are more complex because a number of motifs can be used to recognize the same epigenetic mark. Refer to UpToDate for an overview of epigenetic regulation and the clinical implications of these epigenetic changes.

* DNA hydroxymethylation can be an epigenetic mark or an intermediate in the process of DNA demethylation. The TET proteins are methylcytosine dioxygenases; their name is derived from the chromosome ten eleven translocation.

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Examples of epigenetic marks and their regulators