Pathogenesis of human immune deficiency virus-related pulmonary artery hypertension

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; ROS: reactive oxygen species; GP120: glycoprotein 120; TAT: trans activator protein; NEF: negative regulatory factor; BMPR-2: bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2; RAS-Raf-Erk: RAS-RAF-Extracellular signal regulated kinase; HLA-DR: human leukocyte antigen-D related.

From: Correale M, Palmiotti GA, Lo Storto MM, et al. HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: from bedside to the future. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45(5):515-28. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eci.12427. Copyright © 2015 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons Inc. This image has been provided by or is owned by Wiley. Further permission is needed before it can be downloaded to PowerPoint, printed, shared or emailed. Please contact Wiley's permissions department either via email: [email protected] or use the RightsLink service by clicking on the 'Request Permission' link accompanying this article on Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com).

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Pathogenesis of human immune deficiency virus-related pulmonary artery hypertension