Version June 2024
| Type of lesion | Clinical features |
| Common etiologies | |
| Hordeolum | Localized pain, erythema, and edema on back of eyelid |
| Chalazion | Non-tender rubbery nodule on the inner eyelid |
| Xanthelasma | Soft, yellow plaques usually on medial aspect of eyelid |
| Molluscum contagiosum | One or multiple small, flesh-colored nodules with central umbilication |
| Seborrheic keratosis | Well-demarcated, round or oval lesion with a dull, verrucous surface and a "stuck-on" appearance |
| Actinic keratosis | Dry, scaly, flat lesion with erythematous base; premalignant lesion |
| Squamous papilloma | Frond-like or lobular projection of skin with central vascular core |
| Benign nevus | Hyperpigmented macular or papular lesion without characteristic malignant features (eg, they are typically small and symmetric with a homogeneous surface, even pigmentation, regular outline, and sharply demarcated border) |
| Milia | Multiple pinpoint, firm, white lesions; usually on both upper and lower lids |
| Less common etiologies | |
| Benign lesions | |
| Epidermal inclusion cyst | Discrete solitary cyst or nodule often with a central punctum; usually on upper eyelid; can form after trauma or surgery, or may be congenital |
| Dermoid cyst | Firm, mobile, subcutaneous cyst in lateral brow or upper eyelid region |
| Port wine stain (nevus flammeus or capillary hemangioma) | Blanchable pink to red patches; distribution follows trigeminal nerve branch |
| Infantile hemangioma | Bright-red papule, nodule, or plaque; appear over first few days to months of life; can vary in size from a few millimeters to many centimeters |
| Malignant lesions | |
| Cutaneous horn | Dark keratinized protrusion; the lesion is not malignant per se, but they usually overlie an area of malignancy |
| Basal cell carcinoma | Slow-growing firm, painless, pearly, indurated lesion; may be associated with telangiectasia |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | Slow-growing crusted nodule or plaque with everted edges; usually involves lower eyelid |
| Keratoacanthoma | Rapidly growing hyperkeratotic nodule with central keratin plug |
| Sebaceous carcinoma | Lesion resembles chalazion but with loss of lashes and destruction of meibomian gland orifice; usually involves upper eyelid in individuals >50 years old |
| Melanoma | Hyperpigmented macular or papular lesion; early signs include asymmetry, irregular borders, variegated color, diameter ≥6 mm, changing appearance, and/or enlarging over time |
| Kaposi sarcoma | Red or purplish vascular lesion; most often seen in patients with AIDS |
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