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Fosnetupitant and palonosetron: Drug information

Fosnetupitant and palonosetron: Drug information
2025© UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates and/or licensors. All Rights Reserved.
For additional information see "Fosnetupitant and palonosetron: Patient drug information"

For abbreviations, symbols, and age group definitions show table
Brand Names: US
  • Akynzeo;
  • Akynzeo (Ready-to-Use);
  • Akynzeo (To-be-Diluted)
Pharmacologic Category
  • Antiemetic;
  • Selective 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist;
  • Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist
Dosing: Adult
Highly emetogenic chemotherapy

Highly emetogenic chemotherapy (including cisplatin-based regimens): IV: Fosnetupitant 235 mg and palonosetron 0.25 mg 30 minutes before chemotherapy on day 1.

Note: The antiemetic regimen also includes dexamethasone 12 mg administered 30 minutes before chemotherapy on day 1, and 8 mg once daily on days 2 to 4. The antiemetic regimen should also include olanzapine (on days 1 to 4) (Ref). Similar antiemetic efficacy has been demonstrated with prophylactic oral netupitant/palonosetron and dexamethasone 12 mg on day 1 only (in comparison to cohorts receiving dexamethasone on days 2, 3 ± 4) for chemotherapy-naive patients receiving highly emetogenic cisplatin-based regimens (Ref). Fosnetupitant is a prodrug of netupitant.

Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

Dosing: Kidney Impairment: Adult

CrCl ≥30 mL/minute: No dosage adjustment is necessary.

CrCl <30 mL/minute: Avoid use.

ESRD: Avoid use (has not been studied).

Dosing: Liver Impairment: Adult

Mild or moderate impairment (Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A, B): No dosage adjustment is necessary.

Severe impairment (Child-Turcotte-Pugh class C): Avoid use.

Dosing: Adjustment for Toxicity: Adult

Serotonin syndrome: If symptoms of serotonin syndrome occur, discontinue 5-HT3 receptor antagonist treatment and begin supportive management.

Dosing: Older Adult

Refer to adult dosing.

Adverse Reactions

See Palonosetron monograph.

Contraindications

There are no contraindications listed in the manufacturer's labeling.

Warnings/Precautions

Concerns related to adverse effects:

• Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity (including anaphylaxis) has been reported with palonosetron (a component of the product), with or without known hypersensitivity to other 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.

• Serotonin syndrome: Serotonin syndrome has been reported with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, predominantly when used in combination with other serotonergic agents (eg, SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, mirtazapine, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, methylene blue). Some of the cases have been fatal. The majority of serotonin syndrome reports with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists occurred in a postanesthesia setting or in an infusion center. Serotonin syndrome has also been reported following overdose of another 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Signs/symptoms of serotonin syndrome include mental status changes (eg, agitation, hallucinations, delirium, coma); autonomic instability (eg, tachycardia, labile blood pressure, diaphoresis, dizziness, flushing, hyperthermia); neuromuscular changes (eg, tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination); gastrointestinal symptoms (eg, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea); and/or seizures.

Special populations:

• Older adult: Use caution when dosing patients ≥65 years of age due to a higher frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, cardiac function, and concomitant disease or drug therapy. Similar antiemetic efficacy has been demonstrated for prophylactic oral netupitant/palonosetron (with single-dose dexamethasone) in chemotherapy-naive patients >65 years of age receiving highly emetogenic cisplatin-containing chemotherapy, compared to patients ≤65 years of age (Celio 2023). Fosnetupitant is a prodrug of netupitant.

Dosage Forms: US

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.

Solution, Intravenous:

Akynzeo (Ready-to-Use): Fosnetupitant chloride 235 mg and palonosetron hydrochloride 0.25 mg per 20 mL (20 mL) [contains edetate (edta) disodium]

Akynzeo (To-be-Diluted): Fosnetupitant chloride 235 mg and palonosetron hydrochloride 0.25 mg per 20 mL (20 mL) [contains edetate (edta) disodium]

Solution Reconstituted, Intravenous:

Akynzeo: Fosnetupitant chloride 235 mg and palonosetron hydrochloride 0.25 mg (1 ea) [contains edetate (edta) disodium]

Generic Equivalent Available: US

No

Pricing: US

Solution (Akynzeo (Ready-to-Use) Intravenous)

235-0.25 mg/20 mL (per mL): $40.10

Solution (Akynzeo (To-be-Diluted) Intravenous)

235-0.25 mg/20 mL (per mL): $40.99

Solution (reconstituted) (Akynzeo Intravenous)

235-0.25 mg (per each): $819.82

Disclaimer: A representative AWP (Average Wholesale Price) price or price range is provided as reference price only. A range is provided when more than one manufacturer's AWP price is available and uses the low and high price reported by the manufacturers to determine the range. The pricing data should be used for benchmarking purposes only, and as such should not be used alone to set or adjudicate any prices for reimbursement or purchasing functions or considered to be an exact price for a single product and/or manufacturer. Medi-Span expressly disclaims all warranties of any kind or nature, whether express or implied, and assumes no liability with respect to accuracy of price or price range data published in its solutions. In no event shall Medi-Span be liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from use of price or price range data. Pricing data is updated monthly.

Administration: Adult

IV: Infuse over 30 minutes starting 30 minutes before chemotherapy. If the same IV line is used for sequential administration of other medications, flush the line with NS before and after fosnetupitant and palonosetron administration.

Injection solution for dilution, powder for injection: Flush infusion line (with the same solution used for dilution) after administration of fosnetupitant and palonosetron to ensure complete administration.

Ready-to-use vial: Use immediately after stopper is punctured with vented IV set. Hang vial using the affixed strap. Flush infusion line with NS or D5W after administration of fosnetupitant and palonosetron to ensure complete administration.

Use: Labeled Indications

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: Prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic chemotherapy (in combination with dexamethasone).

Limitations of use: Has not been studied for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with anthracycline plus cyclophosphamide (AC) chemotherapy.

Medication Safety Issues
Sound-alike/look-alike issues:

Fosnetupitant may be confused with aprepitant, fosamprenavir, fosaprepitant, fosphenytoin, fostamatinib, rolapitant

Fosnetupitant and palonosetron (IV) may be confused with netupitant and palonosetron (oral)

Metabolism/Transport Effects

Refer to individual components.

Drug Interactions

Note: Interacting drugs may not be individually listed below if they are part of a group interaction (eg, individual drugs within “CYP3A4 Inducers [Strong]” are NOT listed). For a complete list of drug interactions by individual drug name and detailed management recommendations, use the drug interactions program by clicking on the “Launch drug interactions program” link above.

Abemaciclib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Abemaciclib. Management: Monitor for increased abemaciclib toxicities if combined with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Consider reducing the abemaciclib dose in 50 mg decrements if necessary. Risk C: Monitor

Acalabrutinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Acalabrutinib. Management: Reduce acalabrutinib dose to 100 mg once daily with concurrent use of a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Monitor patient closely for both acalabrutinib response and evidence of adverse effects with any concurrent use. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Acrivastine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Acrivastine. Risk C: Monitor

Adagrasib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Adagrasib. Risk C: Monitor

ALfentanil: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of ALfentanil. Management: If use of alfentanil and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is necessary, consider dosage reduction of alfentanil until stable drug effects are achieved. Frequently monitor patients for respiratory depression and sedation when these agents are combined. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Alfuzosin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Alfuzosin. Risk C: Monitor

Alitretinoin (Systemic): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Alitretinoin (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor

ALPRAZolam: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of ALPRAZolam. Management: Consider alternatives to this combination when possible. If combined, consider an alprazolam dose reduction and monitor for increased alprazolam effects and toxicities (eg, sedation, lethargy). Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Amiodarone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Amiodarone. Risk C: Monitor

AmLODIPine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of AmLODIPine. Risk C: Monitor

Apixaban: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Apixaban. Risk C: Monitor

Apomorphine: Antiemetics (5HT3 Antagonists) may increase hypotensive effects of Apomorphine. Risk X: Avoid

Aprepitant: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Aprepitant. Risk X: Avoid

ARIPiprazole Lauroxil: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of ARIPiprazole Lauroxil. Risk C: Monitor

ARIPiprazole: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of ARIPiprazole. Management: Monitor for increased aripiprazole pharmacologic effects. Aripiprazole dose adjustments may or may not be required based on concomitant therapy, indication, or dosage form. Consult full interaction monograph for specific recommendations. Risk C: Monitor

Atazanavir: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Atazanavir. Risk C: Monitor

Atogepant: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Atogepant. Risk C: Monitor

Atorvastatin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Atorvastatin. Risk C: Monitor

Avacopan: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Avacopan. Risk C: Monitor

Avanafil: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Avanafil. Management: The maximum avanafil dose is 50 mg per 24-hour period when used together with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Patients receiving such a combination should also be monitored more closely for evidence of adverse effects (eg, hypotension, syncope, priapism). Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Avapritinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Avapritinib. Management: Avoid use of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors with avapritinib. If this combination cannot be avoided, reduce the avapritinib dose to 100 mg daily for the treatment of GIST or to 50 mg daily for the treatment of advanced systemic mastocytosis. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Axitinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Axitinib. Risk C: Monitor

Barnidipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Barnidipine. Risk C: Monitor

Bedaquiline: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Bedaquiline. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Bedaquiline. Risk C: Monitor

Benidipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Benidipine. Risk C: Monitor

Benzhydrocodone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Benzhydrocodone. Specifically, the concentration of hydrocodone may be increased. Risk C: Monitor

Blonanserin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Blonanserin. Risk C: Monitor

Bortezomib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Bortezomib. Risk C: Monitor

Bosutinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Bosutinib. Risk X: Avoid

Brexpiprazole: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Brexpiprazole. Management: The brexpiprazole dose should be reduced to 25% of usual if used together with both a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor and a strong or moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor, or if a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor is used in a CYP2D6 poor metabolizer. Risk C: Monitor

Brigatinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Brigatinib. Management: Avoid concurrent use of brigatinib with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors when possible. If such a combination cannot be avoided, reduce the dose of brigatinib by approximately 40% (ie, from 180 mg to 120 mg, from 120 mg to 90 mg, or from 90 mg to 60 mg). Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Bromocriptine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Bromocriptine. Management: The bromocriptine dose should not exceed 1.6 mg daily with use of a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. The Cycloset brand specifically recommends this dose limitation, but other bromocriptine products do not make such specific recommendations. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Budesonide (Oral Inhalation): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Budesonide (Oral Inhalation). Risk C: Monitor

Budesonide (Systemic): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Budesonide (Systemic). Management: Avoid the concomitant use of CYP3A4 inhibitors and oral budesonide. If patients receive both budesonide and CYP3A4 inhibitors, they should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of corticosteroid excess. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Budesonide (Topical): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Budesonide (Topical). Risk X: Avoid

Buprenorphine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Buprenorphine. Risk C: Monitor

BusPIRone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of BusPIRone. Risk C: Monitor

Cabozantinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Cabozantinib. Risk C: Monitor

Cannabis: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Cannabis. More specifically, tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol serum concentrations may be increased. Risk C: Monitor

Capivasertib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Capivasertib. Management: If capivasertib is combined with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, reduce the capivasertib dose to 320 mg twice daily for 4 days, followed by 3 days off. Monitor patients closely for adverse reactions. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Cariprazine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Cariprazine. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Cariprazine. Management: Cariprazine dose adjustments are recommended and depend upon whether a patient is initiating a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor or cariprazine, as well as cariprazine indication. See full mono for details. Some non-US labels contraindicate this combination. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Ceritinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ceritinib. Risk C: Monitor

Cilostazol: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Cilostazol. Management: Decrease the dose of cilostazol to 50 mg twice daily when combined with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Cisapride: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Cisapride. Management: Consider alternatives to this combination. Prescribing information for some moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors state coadministration with cisapride is contraindicated, while some others recommend monitoring and dose titration. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Clindamycin (Systemic): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Clindamycin (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor

CloZAPine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of CloZAPine. Risk C: Monitor

Cobimetinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Cobimetinib. Management: Avoid this combination when possible. If concurrent short term (14 days or less) use cannot be avoided, reduce the cobimetinib dose from 60 mg to 20 mg daily. Avoid concomitant use in patients already receiving reduced cobimetinib doses. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Codeine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Codeine. Risk C: Monitor

Colchicine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Colchicine. Management: Avoidance, dose reduction, or increased monitoring for colchicine toxicity may be needed and will depend on brand, indication for colchicine use, renal/hepatic function, and use of a P-gp inhibitor. See full monograph for details. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Conivaptan: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Conivaptan. Risk C: Monitor

Copanlisib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Copanlisib. Risk C: Monitor

Crizotinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Crizotinib. Risk C: Monitor

CycloSPORINE (Systemic): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of CycloSPORINE (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor

CYP3A4 Inducers (Moderate): May decrease active metabolite exposure of Fosnetupitant. Risk C: Monitor

CYP3A4 Inducers (Strong): May decrease active metabolite exposure of Fosnetupitant. Risk X: Avoid

Dabrafenib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Dabrafenib. Risk C: Monitor

Dapoxetine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Dapoxetine. Management: The dose of dapoxetine should be limited to 30 mg per day when used together with a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Daridorexant: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Daridorexant. Management: Limit the daridorexant dose to 25 mg, no more than once per night, when combined with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Darifenacin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Darifenacin. Risk C: Monitor

Dasatinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Dasatinib. Risk C: Monitor

Deflazacort: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Deflazacort. Management: Administer one third of the recommended deflazacort dose when used together with a strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Delamanid: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Delamanid. Risk C: Monitor

DexAMETHasone (Systemic): Fosnetupitant may increase serum concentration of DexAMETHasone (Systemic). Management: Decrease dexamethasone doses to 12 mg on day 1, and if needed based on the emetic potential of the regimen, 8 mg daily on days 2 to 4 of chemotherapy when administered with fosnetupitant. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

DiazePAM: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of DiazePAM. Risk C: Monitor

Diazoxide Choline: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Diazoxide Choline. Risk C: Monitor

Dienogest: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Dienogest. Risk C: Monitor

DilTIAZem: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of DilTIAZem. Risk C: Monitor

Disopyramide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Disopyramide. Risk C: Monitor

DOCEtaxel: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of DOCEtaxel. Risk C: Monitor

Dofetilide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Dofetilide. Risk C: Monitor

Domperidone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Domperidone. Risk X: Avoid

DOXOrubicin (Conventional): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of DOXOrubicin (Conventional). Risk X: Avoid

DroNABinol: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of DroNABinol. Risk C: Monitor

Dronedarone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Dronedarone. Risk C: Monitor

Ebastine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ebastine. Risk C: Monitor

Elacestrant: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Elacestrant. Risk X: Avoid

Elbasvir and Grazoprevir: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Elbasvir and Grazoprevir. Risk C: Monitor

Eletriptan: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Eletriptan. Risk X: Avoid

Elexacaftor, Tezacaftor, and Ivacaftor: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Elexacaftor, Tezacaftor, and Ivacaftor. Management: When combined with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor should be given in the morning, every other day. Ivacaftor alone should be given in the morning, every other day on alternate days. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Eliglustat: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Eliglustat. Management: Reduce eliglustat dose to 84 mg daily in CYP2D6 EMs when used with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Avoid use of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors in CYP2D6 IMs or PMs. Use in CYP2D6 EMs or IMs also taking strong or moderate CYP2D6 inhibitors is contraindicated. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Ensartinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ensartinib. Risk X: Avoid

Entrectinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Entrectinib. Management: Avoid moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors if possible. If needed, reduce entrectinib dose to 50 mg/day if starting dose 200 mg; to 100 mg/day if starting dose 300 mg; to 200 mg if starting dose 400 mg or 600 mg. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Eplerenone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Eplerenone. Management: If coadministered with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, the max dose of eplerenone is 25 mg daily if used for heart failure; if used for hypertension initiate eplerenone 25 mg daily, titrate to max 25 mg twice daily. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Ergot Derivatives (Vasoconstrictive CYP3A4 Substrates): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ergot Derivatives (Vasoconstrictive CYP3A4 Substrates). Risk C: Monitor

Erlotinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Erlotinib. Risk C: Monitor

Erythromycin (Systemic): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Erythromycin (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor

Eszopiclone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Eszopiclone. Risk C: Monitor

Etravirine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Etravirine. Risk C: Monitor

Everolimus: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Everolimus. Risk C: Monitor

Fedratinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Fedratinib. Risk C: Monitor

Felodipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Felodipine. Risk C: Monitor

FentaNYL: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of FentaNYL. Management: Consider fentanyl dose reductions when combined with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Monitor for respiratory depression and sedation. Upon discontinuation of a CYP3A4 inhibitor, consider a fentanyl dose increase; monitor for signs and symptoms of withdrawal. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Fexinidazole: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may decrease active metabolite exposure of Fexinidazole. Management: Avoid use of fexinidazole and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors when possible. If combined, monitor for reduced fexinidazole efficacy. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Finerenone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Finerenone. Risk C: Monitor

Flibanserin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Flibanserin. Management: Use of flibanserin with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is contraindicated. If starting flibanserin, start 2 weeks after the last dose of the CYP3A4 inhibitor. If starting a CYP3A4 inhibitor, start 2 days after the last dose of flibanserin. Risk X: Avoid

Fluticasone (Nasal): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Fluticasone (Nasal). Risk C: Monitor

Fluticasone (Oral Inhalation): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Fluticasone (Oral Inhalation). Risk C: Monitor

Fosamprenavir: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Fosamprenavir. Risk C: Monitor

Fosaprepitant: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Fosaprepitant. Risk X: Avoid

Gepirone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Gepirone. Management: Reduce the gepirone dose by 50% if combined with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Monitor for QTc interval prolongation with combined use. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Gepotidacin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Gepotidacin. Risk C: Monitor

Gilteritinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Gilteritinib. Risk C: Monitor

Glasdegib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Glasdegib. Risk C: Monitor

GuanFACINE: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of GuanFACINE. Management: Reduce the extended-release guanfacine dose 50% when combined with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Monitor for increased guanfacine toxicities when these agents are combined. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Halofantrine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Halofantrine. Risk C: Monitor

HYDROcodone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of HYDROcodone. Risk C: Monitor

Ibrutinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ibrutinib. Management: When treating B-cell malignancies, decrease ibrutinib to 280 mg daily when combined with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. When treating graft versus host disease, monitor patients closely and reduce the ibrutinib dose as needed based on adverse reactions. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Ifosfamide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase adverse/toxic effects of Ifosfamide. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may decrease active metabolite exposure of Ifosfamide. Risk C: Monitor

Iloperidone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Iloperidone. Risk C: Monitor

Irinotecan Products: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Irinotecan Products. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Irinotecan Products. Specifically, the serum concentration of SN-38 may be increased. Risk C: Monitor

Isavuconazonium Sulfate: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Isavuconazonium Sulfate. Specifically, CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase isavuconazole serum concentrations. Risk C: Monitor

Isradipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Isradipine. Risk C: Monitor

Itraconazole: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Itraconazole. Risk C: Monitor

Ivabradine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ivabradine. Risk X: Avoid

Ivacaftor: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ivacaftor. Management: Ivacaftor dose reductions may be required; consult full drug interaction monograph content for age- and weight-specific dosage recommendations. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Ivosidenib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ivosidenib. Management: Avoid use of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors with ivosidenib whenever possible. If combined, monitor for increased ivosidenib toxicities, including QTc prolongation. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Ixabepilone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ixabepilone. Risk C: Monitor

Lapatinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Lapatinib. Risk C: Monitor

Larotrectinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Larotrectinib. Risk C: Monitor

Lefamulin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Lefamulin. Management: Monitor for lefamulin adverse effects during coadministration of lefamulin tablets with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Risk C: Monitor

Lemborexant: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Lemborexant. Risk X: Avoid

Leniolisib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Leniolisib. Risk C: Monitor

Lercanidipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Lercanidipine. Risk C: Monitor

Levamlodipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Levamlodipine. Risk C: Monitor

Levoketoconazole: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Levoketoconazole. Risk C: Monitor

Levomethadone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Levomethadone. Risk C: Monitor

Levomilnacipran: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Levomilnacipran. Risk C: Monitor

Lidocaine (Systemic): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Lidocaine (Systemic). CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Lidocaine (Systemic). Specifically, concentrations of monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) may be increased. Risk C: Monitor

Lomitapide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Lomitapide. Risk X: Avoid

Lonafarnib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Lonafarnib. Risk C: Monitor

Lopinavir: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Lopinavir. Risk C: Monitor

Lovastatin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Lovastatin. Risk C: Monitor

Lumateperone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Lumateperone. Management: Limit the lumateperone dose to 21 mg once daily when used with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Lurasidone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Lurasidone. Management: Reduce the lurasidone dose by half when initiating therapy with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. If initiating lurasidone in a patient already receiving a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, start lurasidone at 20 mg/day with a max dose of 80 mg/day. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Lurbinectedin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Lurbinectedin. Management: Avoid concomitant use of lurbinectedin and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors when possible. If combined, reduce the lurbinectedin dose by 50%. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Macitentan: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Macitentan. Risk C: Monitor

Manidipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Manidipine. Risk C: Monitor

Maraviroc: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Maraviroc. Risk C: Monitor

Mavacamten: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Mavacamten. Management: Start mavacamten at 5 mg/day if stable on a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, and reduce the mavacamten dose by one dose level if initiating a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Avoid initiating moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors in patients on mavacamten 2.5 mg/day. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Mavorixafor: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Mavorixafor. Risk C: Monitor

Meperidine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Meperidine. Risk C: Monitor

Methadone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Methadone. Management: If coadministration with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is necessary, consider methadone dose reductions until stable effects are achieved. Monitor patients closely for respiratory depression and sedation. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

MethylPREDNISolone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of MethylPREDNISolone. Risk C: Monitor

Methysergide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Methysergide. Risk X: Avoid

Midazolam: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Midazolam. Management: Avoid concomitant use of nasal midazolam and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Consider alternatives to use with oral midazolam whenever possible and consider using lower midazolam doses. Monitor patients for sedation and respiratory depression if combined. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Midostaurin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Midostaurin. Risk C: Monitor

MiFEPRIStone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of MiFEPRIStone. Risk C: Monitor

Mirodenafil: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Mirodenafil. Risk C: Monitor

Mitapivat: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Mitapivat. Management: When coadministered with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, doses of mitapivat should not exceed 20 mg twice daily. Additionally, patients should be monitored for changes in hemoglobin response and increased mitapivat adverse effects. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Mobocertinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Mobocertinib. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Mobocertinib. Management: Avoid use of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors with mobocertinib when possible. If combined, the mobocertinib dose should be reduced by approximately 50% (ie, from 160 mg to 80 mg, 120 mg to 40 mg, or 80 mg to 40 mg). Monitor QTc interval closely. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Naldemedine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Naldemedine. Risk C: Monitor

Nalfurafine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Nalfurafine. Risk C: Monitor

Naloxegol: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Naloxegol. Management: The use of naloxegol and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors should be avoided. If concurrent use is unavoidable, reduce naloxegol dose to 12.5 mg once daily and monitor for signs of opiate withdrawal (eg, hyperhidrosis, chills, diarrhea, anxiety, irritability). Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Neratinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Neratinib. Risk C: Monitor

NIFEdipine (Topical): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of NIFEdipine (Topical). Risk C: Monitor

NIFEdipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of NIFEdipine. Risk C: Monitor

NiMODipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of NiMODipine. Risk C: Monitor

Nirogacestat: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Nirogacestat. Risk X: Avoid

Nisoldipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Nisoldipine. Risk X: Avoid

Nitrendipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Nitrendipine. Risk C: Monitor

Olaparib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Olaparib. Management: Avoid use of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors with olaparib, if possible. If such concurrent use cannot be avoided, the dose of olaparib tablets should be reduced to 150 mg twice daily and the dose of olaparib capsules should be reduced to 200 mg twice daily. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Oliceridine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Oliceridine. Risk C: Monitor

Olmutinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Olmutinib. Risk C: Monitor

Omaveloxolone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Omaveloxolone. Management: Avoid this combination if possible. If coadministration is required, decrease the omaveloxolone dose to 100 mg daily and monitor closely for adverse reactions. If adverse reactions occur, decrease omaveloxolone to 50 mg daily. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

OxyCODONE: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of OxyCODONE. Serum concentrations of the active metabolite Oxymorphone may also be increased. Risk C: Monitor

PACLitaxel (Conventional): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of PACLitaxel (Conventional). Risk C: Monitor

PACLitaxel (Protein Bound): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of PACLitaxel (Protein Bound). Risk C: Monitor

Pacritinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Pacritinib. Risk C: Monitor

Palbociclib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Palbociclib. Risk C: Monitor

Palovarotene: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Palovarotene. Management: Avoid concomitant use of palovarotene and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors when possible. If combined, decrease palovarotene dose by 50% as described in the full interaction monograph. Monitor for palovarotene toxicities when combined. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Panobinostat: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Panobinostat. Risk C: Monitor

PAZOPanib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of PAZOPanib. Risk C: Monitor

Pemigatinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Pemigatinib. Management: If combined use cannot be avoided, reduce the pemigatinib dose from 13.5 mg daily to 9 mg daily, or from 9 mg daily to 4.5 mg daily. Resume prior pemigatinib dose after stopping the moderate inhibitor once 3 half-lives of the inhibitor has passed. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Pexidartinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Pexidartinib. Management: If combined use cannot be avoided, pexidartinib dose should be reduced as follows: reduce pexidartinib doses of 500 mg or 375 mg daily to 125 mg twice daily; reduce pexidartinib 250 mg daily to 125 mg once daily. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Pimavanserin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Pimavanserin. Risk C: Monitor

Pimecrolimus: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may decrease metabolism of Pimecrolimus. Risk C: Monitor

Pimozide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Pimozide. Risk X: Avoid

Piperaquine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Piperaquine. Risk C: Monitor

Pirtobrutinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Pirtobrutinib. Risk C: Monitor

PONATinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of PONATinib. Risk C: Monitor

Pralsetinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Pralsetinib. Management: If this combo cannot be avoided, decrease pralsetinib dose from 400 mg daily to 300 mg daily; from 300 mg daily to 200 mg daily; and from 200 mg daily to 100 mg daily. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Prazepam: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Prazepam. Risk C: Monitor

Praziquantel: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Praziquantel. Risk C: Monitor

QUEtiapine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of QUEtiapine. Risk C: Monitor

Quinidine (Non-Therapeutic): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Quinidine (Non-Therapeutic). Risk C: Monitor

QuiNIDine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of QuiNIDine. Risk C: Monitor

QuiNINE: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of QuiNINE. Risk C: Monitor

Ranolazine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ranolazine. Management: Limit the ranolazine dose to a maximum of 500 mg twice daily in patients concurrently receiving moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Monitor for increased ranolazine effects and toxicities during concomitant use. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Red Yeast Rice: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Red Yeast Rice. Risk C: Monitor

Regorafenib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Regorafenib. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may decrease active metabolite exposure of Regorafenib. Risk C: Monitor

Repotrectinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Repotrectinib. Risk X: Avoid

Ribociclib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ribociclib. Risk C: Monitor

Rifabutin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Rifabutin. Risk C: Monitor

Rimegepant: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Rimegepant. Management: If taking rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine, avoid a second dose of rimegepant within 48 hours when used concomitantly with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. No dose adjustment needed if using rimegepant for prevention of episodic migraine. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Rivaroxaban: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Rivaroxaban. This warning is more specifically for drugs that are inhibitors of both CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein. For erythromycin, refer to more specific erythromycin-rivaroxaban monograph recommendations. Risk C: Monitor

Roflumilast-Containing Products: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Roflumilast-Containing Products. Risk C: Monitor

Rupatadine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Rupatadine. Risk C: Monitor

Ruxolitinib (Systemic): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ruxolitinib (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor

Salmeterol: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Salmeterol. Risk C: Monitor

Saquinavir: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Saquinavir. Risk C: Monitor

SAXagliptin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of SAXagliptin. Risk C: Monitor

Selpercatinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Selpercatinib. Management: Avoid combination if possible. If use is necessary, reduce selpercatinib dose as follows: from 120 mg twice/day to 80 mg twice/day, or from 160 mg twice/day to 120 mg twice/day. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Selumetinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Selumetinib. Management: Avoid concomitant use when possible. If combined, selumetinib dose reductions are recommended and vary based on body surface area and selumetinib dose. For details, see the full drug interaction monograph or selumetinib prescribing information. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Serotonergic Agents (High Risk): Antiemetics (5HT3 Antagonists) may increase serotonergic effects of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor

Sertindole: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Sertindole. Risk X: Avoid

Sildenafil: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Sildenafil. Risk C: Monitor

Silodosin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Silodosin. Risk C: Monitor

Simeprevir: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Simeprevir. Risk X: Avoid

Simvastatin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Simvastatin. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Simvastatin. Risk C: Monitor

Sirolimus (Conventional): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Sirolimus (Conventional). Management: Monitor for increased serum concentrations of sirolimus if combined with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Lower initial sirolimus doses or sirolimus dose reductions will likely be required. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Sirolimus (Protein Bound): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Sirolimus (Protein Bound). Management: Reduce the dose of protein bound sirolimus to 56 mg/m2 when used concomitantly with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Solifenacin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Solifenacin. Risk C: Monitor

Sonidegib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Sonidegib. Management: Avoid concomitant use of sonidegib and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors when possible. When concomitant use cannot be avoided, limit CYP3A4 inhibitor use to less than 14 days and monitor for sonidegib toxicity (particularly musculoskeletal adverse reactions). Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Sparsentan: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Sparsentan. Risk C: Monitor

SUFentanil: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of SUFentanil. Risk C: Monitor

SUNItinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of SUNItinib. Risk C: Monitor

Suvorexant: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Suvorexant. Management: The recommended dose of suvorexant is 5 mg daily in patients receiving a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. The dose can be increased to 10 mg daily (maximum dose) if necessary for efficacy. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Suzetrigine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Suzetrigine. Management: Reduce suzetrigine dose as follows: initiate with 100 mg for 1 dose; then 12 hours after first dose, give 50 mg every 12 hours for doses 2, 3, and 4; then 50 mg every 24 hours for dose 5 and thereafter. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Tacrolimus (Systemic): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tacrolimus (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor

Tacrolimus (Topical): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tacrolimus (Topical). Risk C: Monitor

Tadalafil: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tadalafil. Risk C: Monitor

Tamsulosin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tamsulosin. Risk C: Monitor

Tazemetostat: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tazemetostat. Management: Avoid when possible. If combined, reduce tazemetostat dose from 800 mg twice daily to 400 mg twice daily, from 600 mg twice daily to 400 mg in AM and 200 mg in PM, or from 400 mg twice daily to 200 mg twice daily. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Temsirolimus: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Temsirolimus. Specifically, concentrations of sirolimus may be increased. Risk C: Monitor

Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol. Risk C: Monitor

Tetrahydrocannabinol: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tetrahydrocannabinol. Risk C: Monitor

Tezacaftor and Ivacaftor: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tezacaftor and Ivacaftor. Management: If combined with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, give tezacaftor/ivacaftor in the morning, every other day; give ivacaftor in the morning, every other day on alternate days. Tezacaftor/ivacaftor dose depends on age and weight; see full Lexi-Interact monograph Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Thiotepa: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Thiotepa. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may decrease active metabolite exposure of Thiotepa. Risk C: Monitor

Ticagrelor: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ticagrelor. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may decrease active metabolite exposure of Ticagrelor. Risk C: Monitor

Tilidine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Tilidine. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tilidine. Risk C: Monitor

Tofacitinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tofacitinib. Risk C: Monitor

Tolterodine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tolterodine. Risk C: Monitor

Tolvaptan: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tolvaptan. Management: Avoid this combination with Samsca brand of tolvaptan. Reduce dose for Jynarque brand: 90 mg AM and 30 mg PM, reduce to 45 mg AM and 15 mg PM; 60 mg AM and 30 mg PM, reduce to 30 mg AM and 15 mg PM; 45 mg AM and 15 mg PM, reduce to 15 mg AM and PM. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Toremifene: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Toremifene. Risk C: Monitor

Trabectedin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Trabectedin. Risk C: Monitor

TraMADol: Antiemetics (5HT3 Antagonists) may increase serotonergic effects of TraMADol. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor

TraMADol: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of TraMADol. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of TraMADol. Risk C: Monitor

TraZODone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of TraZODone. Risk C: Monitor

Tretinoin (Systemic): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Tretinoin (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor

Triamcinolone (Systemic): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Triamcinolone (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor

Triazolam: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Triazolam. Management: Consider triazolam dose reduction in patients receiving concomitant moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Ubrogepant: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Ubrogepant. Management: Use an initial ubrogepant dose of 50 mg and avoid a second dose for 24 hours when used with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Udenafil: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Udenafil. Risk C: Monitor

Valbenazine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Valbenazine. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Valbenazine. Risk C: Monitor

Vamorolone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Vamorolone. Risk C: Monitor

Vanzacaftor, Tezacaftor, and Deutivacaftor: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Vanzacaftor, Tezacaftor, and Deutivacaftor. Management: Age- and weight-specific dose reductions of vanzacaftor, tezacaftor, and deutivacaftor are recommended. Please see full Interact monograph or labeling for details. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Vardenafil: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Vardenafil. Management: Limit Levitra (vardenafil) dose to a single 5 mg dose within a 24-hour period if combined with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Avoid concomitant use of Staxyn (vardenafil) and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Combined use is contraindicated outside of the US. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Vemurafenib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Vemurafenib. Risk C: Monitor

Venetoclax: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Venetoclax. Management: Reduce the venetoclax dose by at least 50% in patients requiring concomitant treatment with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Resume the previous venetoclax dose 2 to 3 days after discontinuation of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Verapamil: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Verapamil. Risk C: Monitor

Vilazodone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Vilazodone. Risk C: Monitor

VinBLAStine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of VinBLAStine. Risk C: Monitor

VinCRIStine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of VinCRIStine. Risk C: Monitor

Vindesine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Vindesine. Risk C: Monitor

Vinflunine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Vinflunine. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase active metabolite exposure of Vinflunine. Risk C: Monitor

Voclosporin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Voclosporin. Management: Decrease the voclosporin dose to 15.8 mg in the morning and 7.9 mg in the evening when combined with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Vorapaxar: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Vorapaxar. Risk C: Monitor

Zanubrutinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Zanubrutinib. Management: Decrease the zanubrutinib dose to 80 mg twice daily during coadministration with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Further dose adjustments may be required for zanubrutinib toxicities, refer to prescribing information for details. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Zopiclone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Zopiclone. Risk C: Monitor

Zuranolone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentration of Zuranolone. Risk C: Monitor

Pregnancy Considerations

Adverse events were observed in some animal reproduction studies using the components of this combination product.

Breastfeeding Considerations

It is not known if fosnetupitant or palonosetron are present in breast milk.

According to the manufacturer, the decision to continue or discontinue breastfeeding during therapy should consider the risk of infant exposure, the benefits of breastfeeding to the infant, the benefits of treatment to the mother, as well as the underlying maternal condition.

Monitoring Parameters

Monitor for signs/symptoms of hypersensitivity and serotonin syndrome (including mental status changes [eg, agitation, hallucinations, delirium, coma], autonomic instability [eg, tachycardia, labile BP, diaphoresis, dizziness, flushing, hyperthermia], neuromuscular changes [eg, tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination]; GI symptoms [eg, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea]; and/or seizures).

Mechanism of Action

Fosnetupitant is a prodrug of netupitant, a selective substance P/neurokinin (NK1) receptor antagonist, which augments the antiemetic activity of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and corticosteroids to inhibit acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced emesis. Palonosetron is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, which blocks serotonin, both on vagal nerve terminals in the periphery and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Palonosetron inhibits the cross-talk between the 5-HT3 and NK1 receptors. The combination of palonosetron and netupitant works synergistically to inhibit substance P response to a greater extent than either agent alone (Aapro 2014).

Pharmacokinetics (Adult Data Unless Noted)

Distribution: Vd: Fosnetupitant: 296 ± 535 L; Palonosetron: 594 ± 239 L.

Protein binding: Fosnetupitant: 92% to 95%; Palonosetron: ~62%.

Metabolism: Fosnetupitant is a prodrug and is converted by hydrolysis to netupitant; Netupitant is metabolized extensively via hepatic CYP3A4 (major), CYP2C9 (minor) and CYP2D6 (minor); forms active metabolites M1, M2, and M3; Palonosetron: ~50% metabolized to relatively inactive metabolites (N-oxide-palonosetron and 6-S-hydroxy-palonosetron); CYP2D6, 3A4, and 1A2 contribute to metabolism.

Half-life elimination: Fosnetupitant: 0.75 ± 0.4 hours; Netupitant: 144 ± 73 hours; Palonosetron: 58 ± 27 hours.

Time to peak: At end of the 30-minute infusion.

Excretion: Fosnetupitant: Fosnetupitant is a prodrug of netupitant (plasma fosnetupitant concentrations rapidly decline shortly after infusion); Netupitant: Feces (~71%); urine (~4%); Palonosetron: Feces (5% to 8%); urine (85% to 93%; 40% as unchanged drug).

Pharmacokinetics: Additional Considerations (Adult Data Unless Noted)

Hepatic function impairment: Fosnetupitant is a prodrug of netupitant. For netupitant, the mean AUC was 67% higher and the mean Cmax was 40% higher in patients with mild hepatic impairment. The mean AUC was 86% higher and the mean Cmax was 41% higher in patients with moderate impairment. For palonosetron, the AUC was 33% higher in patients with mild hepatic impairment and 62% higher in patients with moderate impairment; the mean Cmax was 14% higher in patients with mild hepatic impairment.

Sex: Fosnetupitant is a prodrug of netupitant. For netupitant, the Cmax was 35% higher in females than in males while the AUC was similar between males and females. For palonosetron, the mean AUC was 35% higher and the mean Cmax was 26% higher in females than in males.

Brand Names: International
International Brand Names by Country
For country code abbreviations (show table)

  • (DE) Germany: Akynzeo;
  • (HK) Hong Kong: Akynzeo;
  • (IN) India: Akynzeo;
  • (PR) Puerto Rico: Akynzeo
  1. Aapro M, Rugo H, Rossi G, et al. A randomized phase III study evaluating the efficacy and safety of NEPA, a fixed-dose combination of netupitant and palonosetron, for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(7):1328-1333. [PubMed 24603643]
  2. Akynzeo (fosnetupitant and palonosetron) [prescribing information]. Iselin, NJ: Helsinn Therapeutics (US), Inc; February 2023.
  3. Celio L, Bartsch R, Aapro M. Dexamethasone-sparing regimens with NEPA (netupitant/palonosetron) for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in older patients (>65 years) fit for cisplatin: a sub-analysis from a phase 3 study. J Geriatr Oncol. 2023;14(6):101537. [PubMed 37290207]
  4. Celio L, Cortinovis D, Cogoni AA, et al. Dexamethasone-sparing regimens with oral netupitant and palonosetron for the prevention of emesis caused by high-dose cisplatin: a randomized noninferiority study. Oncologist. 2021;26(10):e1854-e1861. [PubMed 34101934]
  5. Hesketh PJ, Kris MG, Basch E, et al. Antiemetics: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(24):2782-2797. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.01296 [PubMed 32658626]
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