- Significant structural heart disease or CAD (including reduced LVEF, heart failure, CAD with prior MI, severe aortic or mitral stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
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- Persistent sinus bradycardia <40 beats per minute or sinus pauses >3 seconds in an awake patient
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- Third-degree (complete) AV block
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- Mobitz II second-degree AV block
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- Preexcited QRS complexes, suggesting Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
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- Alternating left and right bundle branch block
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- VT or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with rapid ventricular rate
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- Nonsustained polymorphic VT with long or short QT interval
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- Long or short QT intervals
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- Right bundle branch block pattern with ST elevation in leads V1 to V3 (Brugada syndrome)
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- Negative T waves in right precordial leads and epsilon waves suggestive of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
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- Pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator malfunction with cardiac pauses
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