Causes of asplenia and hyposplenism

Iatrogenic	Splenic artery embolization Splenic irradiation Total or partial splenectomy
Hepatic diseases	Alcoholic liver disease Chronic viral hepatitis Cirrhosis and portal hypertension Primary biliary cirrhosis
Hematologic diseases	Acute leukemia Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (particularly if associated graft versus host disease) Lymphoma Mastocytosis Myeloproliferative neoplasm Sickle cell disease (eg, HbSS, HbSC, HbS-beta thalassemia) Thalassemia
Vascular impairment	Celiac artery thrombosis Splenic artery thrombosis Splenic vein thrombosis
Gastrointestinal diseases	Celiac disease Inflammatory bowel disease Whipple's disease
Autoimmune diseases	Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome Goodpasture's syndrome Granulomatosis with polyangiitis Hashimoto's thyroiditis Polyarteritis nodosa Rheumatoid arthritis Sjögren's disease Systemic lupus erythematosus
Infectious diseases	HIV
Infiltrative diseases	Amyloidosis Sarcoidosis
Congenital syndromes	APECED syndrome Heterotaxy syndrome Hypoparathyroidism syndrome Isolated congenital hyposplenia Ivemark's syndrome Normal neonatal state (particularly if birth is premature) Other congenital or familial syndromes Stormorken's syndrome

Asplenia and hyposplenism can be either anatomic or functional. Anatomic asplenia is most often due to surgical removal of the spleen. Functional asplenia and hyposplenism result from conditions that lead to atrophy, infarction, engorgement, or infiltration of the spleen.

APECED: autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy; Hb: hemoglobin; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.

Data from:

Di Sabatino A, Carsetti R, Corazza GR. Post-splenectomy and hyposplenic states. Lancet 2011; 378:86.
Kirkineska L, Perifanis V, Vasiliadis T. Functional hyposplenism. Hippokratia 2014; 18:7.
Rubin LG, Schaffner W. Clinical practice. Care of the asplenic patient. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:349.

Graphic 119147 Version 5.0

خرید پکیج

Causes of asplenia and hyposplenism