Comparison of vein ablation techniques

	Treated vein characteristics	Technique	Adverse reactions
RFA	Larger veins >1 cm can be treated Recurrent veins can be treated May be difficult to treat tortuous veins or partially thrombosed veins	Uses tumescence Postprocedure compression garments used	Nerve injury
EVLT	Larger veins >1 cm can be treated Recurrent veins can be treated May be difficult to treat tortuous veins or partially thrombosed veins	Uses tumescence Superficial veins not typically treated Postprocedure compression garments used	Nerve injury Skin burns
MOCA	Veins <12 mm Superficial veins easily treated Not good for recurrent veins May be difficult to treat tortuous veins or partially thrombosed veins	Tumescence not needed Sclerosant distributes into varicosities and perforators Postprocedure compression garments used
PEM	Veins <10 mm Tortuous veins Superficial veins easily treated Recurrent veins can be treated Partially occluded veins can be treated	Tumescence not needed Sclerosant distributes into varicosities and perforators Postprocedure compression garments used	Treated veins are often tender and discolored for months
Glue	Veins <10 mm Superficial veins Good for superficial veins Recurrent veins can be treated May be difficult to treat tortuous veins or partially thrombosed veins	Tumescence not needed Leaves a foreign body in the vein Glue distributes into varicosities and perforators No postprocedure compression garments used	Phlebitic reaction to glue if sensitive to adhesives

RFA: radiofrequency ablation; EVLT: endovenous laser therapy; MOCA: mechanical occlusion with chemical assistance; PEM: polidocanol endovenous microfoam.

Adapted from: Dillavou ED, Kiguchi M. The treatment of varicose veins. In: Current Surgical Therapy, 13th ed, Cameron JL, Cameron AM (Eds), Elsevier, 2019 [in press].

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Comparison of vein ablation techniques