Indications for atrial septal defect closure

ASD: atrial septal defect; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle; PASP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; SVR: systemic vascular resistance; ACHD: adult congenital heart disease; PH: pulmonary hypertension.
* Confirmation of Eisenmenger syndrome generally requires cardiac catheterization.
¶ Refer to UpToDate content on medical management of ASD with Eisenmenger syndrome.
Δ An ACHD specialist should be consulted prior to ASD closure. Refer to UpToDate content on the choice between surgical or device closure.
◊ Refer to UpToDate content on management of ASD with pulmonary hypertension.
§ Refer to UpToDate content on diagnosis of platypnea-orthodeoxia and evaluation of its cause.
¥ Refer to UpToDate content on diagnosis and management of paradoxical embolism.