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2019 classification of ectodermal dysplasias based on molecular pathways

2019 classification of ectodermal dysplasias based on molecular pathways
OMIM number Syndrome name(s) Gene Distinguishing features
EDA/NF-kappa-B pathway
305100 Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome) Ectodysplasin A; EDA (300451) Hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis, hypodontia, smooth dry skin, craniofacial dysmorphology, periorbital pigmentation
129490 Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 10A Ectodysplasin A receptor; EDAR (604095) or EDARADD (606603) Hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis, hypodontia, smooth dry skin, craniofacial dysmorphology, periorbital pigmentation
224900 Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 10B Ectodysplasin A receptor; EDAR (604095) or EDARADD (606603) Hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis, hypodontia, smooth dry skin, craniofacial dysmorphology, periorbital pigmentation
308300 Incontinentia pigmenti IKBKG (300248) Short stature, cataract, microphthalmia, hypodontia, extra ribs, breast aplasia, staged skin involvement, nail dystrophy, atrophic hair
300291 Ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency 1 IKBKG (300248) Hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis, morbidity/mortality secondary to immunodeficiency
WNT pathway
305600 Focal dermal hypoplasia, Goltz syndrome PORCN (300651) Short stature, facial asymmetry, narrow auditory canals, hearing loss, oral papillomas, hypodontia, syndactyly, sparse hair, skin atrophy
257980 Odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia WNT10A (606268) Sparse eyebrows, severe hypodontia, smooth tongue, hyperhidrosis, hyperkeratosis, dystrophic nails, sparse eyebrows, thin hair
224750 Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome WNT10A (606268) Hypodontia, eyelid cysts, keratoderma, hypoplastic nails, hypotrichosis
TP63 pathway
103285 Acro-dermato-ungual-lacrimal-tooth syndrome (ADULT syndrome) TP63 (603273) Lacrimal obstruction, hypodontia, dysplastic teeth, breast hypoplasia, ectrodactyly, thin skin, dysplastic nails
106260 Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate syndrome (AEC syndrome; Hay-Wells syndrome) TP63 (603273) Scalp erosions, conductive hearing loss, maxillary hypoplasia, lacrimal duct atresia, hypotrichosis, ankyloblepharon, cleft lip, hypodontia
129400 Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome TP63 (603273) Short stature, maxillary hypoplasia, hearing loss, cleft lip/palate, hypodontia, syndactyly, thin skin, hypohidrosis
604292 Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip/palate syndrome 3 TP63 (603273) Blepharophimosis, cleft lip/palate, microdontia, hypodontia, syndactyly, hypokeratosis, dystrophic nails, hypotrichosis
603543 Limb-mammary syndrome TP63 (603273) Lacrimal duct atresia, hypodontia cleft palate, hypoplastic breasts, syndactyly, ectrodactyly, nail dysplasia
Structure group
225280 Ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, and macular dystrophy syndrome CDH3
Cadherin 3 (114021)
Sparse scalp hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes; hypodontia; small teeth; ectrodactyly; syndactyly; camptodactyly; normal sweating
602032 Ectodermal dysplasia 4, hair/nail type KRT85
Keratin 85 (602767)
Nail dystrophy, onycholysis, absent eyebrows/eyelashes, alopecia, normal skin/teeth
604536 Ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome PKP1
Plakophilin 1 (601975)
Nail dystrophy and thickening, hypotrichosis, sweat glands, skin fragility
158000 Monilethrix Keratins 81, 86, 83; KRT81, KRT86, KRT83 (602153, 601928, 602765) Follicular keratosis, nail dystrophy, hypotrichosis, brittle hair
225060 Cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia Nectin 1
NECTIN1 (600644)
Malar hypoplasia, hypotrichosis, cleft lip/palate, hypodontia, syndactyly, onychodysplasia
Other/unknown
601701 Arthrogryposis and ectodermal dysplasia Unknown Short statue, microcephaly, cataract, cleft lip/palate, oligodontia, enamel defects, arthrogryposis, hypohidrosis, onychodysplasia
125640 Dermoodontodysplasia Unknown Trichodysplasia, onychodysplasia, dental anomalies
From: Wright JT, Fete M, Schneider H, et al. Ectodermal dysplasias: Classification and organization by phenotype, genotype and molecular pathway. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179(3):442-447. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.a.61045. Copyright © 2019 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons Inc. This image has been provided by or is owned by Wiley. Further permission is needed before it can be downloaded to PowerPoint, printed, shared or emailed. Please contact Wiley's permissions department either via email: [email protected] or use the RightsLink service by clicking on the 'Request Permission' link accompanying this article on Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/).
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