Cephalic arch stenosis associated with hemodialysis AV access

The angiograms show variations in the anatomic presentation of cephalic arch stenosis associated with hemodialysis AV access.
(A) Proximal cephalic arch stenosis (arrow).
(B) Proximal cephalic arch stenosis (arrow) extending into the adjacent subclavian vein.
(C) Cephalic vein stenosis (arrow) several centimeters from its junction with the subclavian vein.