| Reproductive tract |
Gynecologic: Infectious - Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Endometritis
- Salpingitis
- Tubo-ovarian abscess
|
Gynecologic: Noninfectious - Dysmenorrhea
- Ovarian cyst (ruptured or intact)
- Endometriosis
- Uterine leiomyoma (fibroid): Degenerating or not
- Adenomyosis
- Mittelschmerz (midcycle ovulatory pain)
- Adnexal torsion (ovary and/or fallopian tube)
- Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- Endosalpingiosis
- Uterine perforation (in women who have undergone a uterine procedure)
- Asherman's syndrome
- Neoplasm
|
| Pregnancy-related |
First trimester - Threatened abortion
- Ectopic pregnancy, including heterotopic pregnancy
- Corpus luteum hematoma
- Incomplete abortion
- Septic abortion
- Uterine impaction
|
Second and third trimesters - Preterm labor
- Chorioamnionitis
- Placental abruption
- Degenerating uterine leiomyoma (fibroid)
- Medical complications during pregnancy, such as appendicitis
- Round ligament stretch
|
Postpartum - Endometritis
- Wound infection (cesarean section, laceration, or episiotomy repair)
- Ovarian vein thrombosis or septic pelvic thrombophlebitis
|
| Gastrointestinal |
| Appendicitis |
| Irritable bowel syndrome |
| Diverticulitis |
| Inflammatory bowel disease |
| Fecal impaction or constipation |
| Gastroenteritis |
| Mesenteric lymphadenitis |
| Abdominopelvic adhesions |
| Perforated viscus |
| Bowel obstruction |
| Incarcerated or strangulated hernia |
| Ischemic bowel |
| Hirschsprung disease[1] |
| Intussusception[2] |
| Meckel's diverticulum[3] |
| Volvulus[4] |
