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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده: 3

Comorbidities of obesity in children and adolescents

Comorbidities of obesity in children and adolescents
Cardiovascular
  • Hypertension
  • Dyslipidemia
  • Abnormal cardiac structure and function
  • Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Adult cardiovascular disease
Dermatologic
  • Acanthosis nigricans
  • Striae
  • Intertrigo
  • Furunculosis
  • Hidradenitis suppurativa
Endocrine
  • Prediabetes
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Metabolic syndrome
  • Hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome
  • Growth and puberty
Gastrointestinal
  • Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease)
  • Cholelithiasis
Neurologic
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Nutritional
  • Vitamin D deficiency*
  • Iron deficiency*
Orthopedic
  • Genu varus (Blount disease) or valgus
  • Pes planus (flat feet)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
  • Fractures
Psychosocial
  • Social isolation
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Difficult peer relationships (teasing, bullying)
  • Disordered eating patterns
Pulmonary
  • Asthma
  • Obstructive sleep apnea
  • Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Kidneys
  • Albuminuria, impaired kidney function
* Children with obesity have a modestly increased risk for low vitamin D levels or iron deficiency compared with the general population. However, there is wide variability and most authorities suggest using the same criteria for screening as in the general population, focusing on assessment of diet and other risk factors.
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