Major risk factors |
- Coagulopathy (eg, platelet count <50,000/microL, INR >1.5, partial thromboplastin time >2 times the control value)
- Shock
- Chronic liver disease
|
Other risk factors |
Acute illnesses/conditions |
- Sepsis
- Mechanical ventilation for >48 hours (includes extracorporeal life support)
- Kidney replacement therapy
- Trauma – multiple, brain, or spinal injury
- Burns over 35% of total body surface area
- Organ transplantation
|
Chronic illnesses |
- History of peptic ulcer disease
- History of upper GI bleeding (within 1 year)
- ≥3 coexisting diseases
|
Drugs |
- Antiplatelet agents
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories
|
Other |
- ICU stay >1 week
- Occult bleeding for ≥6 days
|
Factors with unclear risk |
- Glucocorticoids (eg, 250 mg hydrocortisone or the equivalent)
- Helicobacter pylori
|