Life-threatening pretreatment SAR |
High likelihood of recurrent stings in the future due to occupational or recreational activities* |
Honey bee venom allergy and a high likelihood of recurrent stings in the future (eg, beekeepers and their family members) |
Significant cardiovascular disease and/or concomitant use of ACE inhibitors or beta blockers |
Recurrent SARs to VIT injections or recurrent SARs to re-stings during maintenance VIT |
Requirement for higher venom doses to achieve adequate protection |
Limitations in work or leisure activities due to anxiety concerning the residual risk of a repeat reaction |
Known mast cell disorders or an elevated baseline level of serum tryptase |
ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; SAR: systemic allergic reaction; VIT: venom immunotherapy.
* May not be an independent indication if initial SAR was mild.