Modified Eichenholtz classification

Stage	Radiographic finding	Clinical finding	Proposed treatment
0 (Prodromal)	Normal	Swelling, erythema, warmth	Patient education, serial radiographs, protected weightbearing
I (Development)	Osteopenic, fragmented, joint subluxation or dislocation	Swelling, erythema, warmth, ligamentous laxity	Protected weightbearing until radiographic resolution of fragmentation and presence of normal skin temperature (usually 2 to 4 months)
II (Coalescence)	Absorption of debris, sclerosis, fusion of larger fragments	Decreased warmth, decreased swelling, decreased erythema	Casting, prefabricated pneumatic brace, Charcot restraint orthotic walker, or clamshell ankle-foot orthosis (6 months to 1 year)
III (Reconstruction)	Consolidation of deformity, joint arthrosis, fibrous ankyloses, rounding and smoothing of bone fragments	Absence of warmth, absence of swelling, absence of erythema, stable joint ± fixed deformity	Plantigrade foot: Custom shoes Nonplantigrade foot/ulceration: Surgical reconstruction, deformity correction

From: Rosenbaum AJ, DiPreta JA. Classifications in brief: Eichenholtz classification of Charcot arthropathy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015; 473:1168. DOI: 10.1007/s11999-014-4059-y. Copyright © 2015 Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons. Reproduced with permission from Wolters Kluwer Health. Unauthorized reproduction of this material is prohibited.

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Modified Eichenholtz classification