World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the anal canal

Benign epithelial tumors and precursors

Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, low grade

Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, high grade

Malignant epithelial tumors

Squamous cell carcinoma NOS

Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma NOS

Neuroendocrine tumor NOS

Neuroendocrine tumor, grade 1

Neuroendocrine tumor, grade 2

Neuroendocrine tumor, grade 3

Neuroendocrine carcinoma NOS

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN)

NOS: not otherwise specified.

Reprinted with permission from: WHO Classification of Tumours. Digestive System Tumours, 5th ed, Goldblum JR, Klimstra DS, Lam AK, WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board (Eds), Tumours of the anal canal, p.194, Copyright © 2019 International Agency for Research on Cancer.

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World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the anal canal