Noninvasive studies after treatment for dialysis access steal

Improvement in baseline digital PPG waveforms (A) with fistula compression (B) and following PAI procedure (C).

PPG: photoplethysmography; AVF: arteriovenous fistula; PAI: proximalization of arterial inflow.

Courtesy of Larry A Scher, MD, FACS.

Graphic 122926 Version 2.0

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