| Micronutrient | Clinical signs and symptoms |
| Vitamin A | Eye: - Nyctalopia (night blindness)
- Xerophthalmia (dry eye)
- Bitot spots (oval, triangular, or irregular conjunctival patches)
Skin: - Follicular hyperkeratosis (rough, cone-shaped, elevated papules in follicles)
- Pruritus
|
| Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | - Chronic deficiency can result in wet and/or dry beriberi (wet is associated with congestive heart failure, and dry is associated with peripheral neuropathy, Wernicke encephalopathy, and confusion or coma)
|
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | Oral: - Angular stomatitis (swollen red patches in the corners of the lips)
- Glossitis
Skin: |
| Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | Skin: Oral: - Cheilitis (lip inflammation)
- Stomatitis
Other: |
| Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) | Hematologic: - Megaloblastic anemia (pernicious anemia)
Neurologic: |
| Calcium | Neurologic: - Tetany
- Papilledema
- Extrapyramidal signs (eg, dystonia)
Oral: Skin: Other - Gestational hypertensive disorders
|
| Vitamin D | |
| Iron | Hematologic: - Microcytic, hypochromic anemia
Other: - Pagophagia (compulsive consumption of ice or iced drinks)
|
| Folate | Hematologic: |
| Zinc | Skin: - Alopecia
- Delayed wound healing
- Dermatitis
Oral: - Dysgeusia (distorted taste)
- Glossitis
- Stomatitis
Eye: - Blepharitis (inflammation of eyelid)
- Corneal opacities
Other: |
