Overview of the management of beta thalassemia

This algorithm applies to individuals with significant clinical manifestations from beta thalassemia. Transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia was previously referred to as thalassemia major. Refer to UpToDate for the care of individuals with alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia minor/thalassemia trait, as well as additional evaluations, monitoring, and interventions for iron overload and organ damage. All individuals with significant hemolysis are treated with daily folic acid.

MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.
¶ Includes those with anemia, which may require transfusions (periodic or regular); as well as other clinical manifestations as discussed in UpToDate. Does not include thalassemia trait.
Δ Refer to UpToDate for monitoring schedule and methods for measuring liver and cardiac iron.
◊ Transfusion support and chelation are continued while exploring these other options.
§ Refer to UpToDate for considerations in the decision to pursue hematopoietic cell transplantation and for details such as donor selection, stem cell source (bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood), conditioning regimen, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis.

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Overview of the management of beta thalassemia