Introduction —
This topic includes links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and regions around the world. We will update these links periodically; newer versions of some guidelines may be available on each society's website. Some societies may require users to log in to access their guidelines.
The recommendations in the following guidelines may vary from those that appear in UpToDate topic reviews. Readers who are looking for UpToDate topic reviews should use the UpToDate search box to find the relevant content.
Links to related guidelines are provided separately. (See "Society guideline links: Perioperative management of patients taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs)".)
International
●International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR): International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations (2024)
•ILCOR: International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations (2023)
•ILCOR: International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations (2022)
•ILCOR: International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations (2021)
●Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM): Clinical practice guidelines for rapid sequence intubation in the critically ill adult patient (2023)
●Project for Universal Management of Airways (PUMA): Consensus guideline for preventing unrecognised oesophageal intubation (2022)
Canada
●Canadian Airway Focus Group (CAFG): Updated consensus-based recommendations for management of the difficult airway – Part 1: Difficult airway management encountered in an unconscious patient (2021)
●CAFG: Updated consensus-based recommendations for management of the difficult airway – Part 2: Planning and implementing safe management of the patient with an anticipated difficult airway (2021)
United States
●American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP): Policy statement on rapid-sequence intubation (1996, reaffirmed 2024)
●ACEP: Policy statement on mechanical ventilation (2017, reaffirmed 2023)
●ACEP: Policy statement for the verification of endotracheal tube placement (2001, reaffirmed 2022)
●American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA): Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway (2022)
●Society for Airway Management (SAM): Consensus recommendations for the evaluation and management of the physiologically difficult airway (2021)
●American Heart Association (AHA): Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care – Adult basic and advanced life support (2020)
●AHA: Focused update on advanced cardiovascular life support – Use of advanced airways, vasopressors, and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation during cardiac arrest: An update to the guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care (2019)
●Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST): Practice management guideline on endotracheal intubation following trauma (2012)
Europe
●European Resuscitation Council (ERC): Guidelines on adult advanced life support (2021)
United Kingdom
●Difficult Airway Society (DAS), Association of Anaesthetists (AoA), British Society of Orthopaedic Anaesthetists (BSOA), Intensive Care Society (ICS), Neuro Anaesthesia and Critical Care Society (NACCS), Faculty of Prehospital Care (FPHC) and Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM): Guidelines for airway management in patients with suspected or confirmed cervical spine injury (2024)
●DAS: Guidelines for awake tracheal intubation (ATI) in adults (2020)
●National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Medical technologies guidance on Ambu aScope4 Broncho for use in unexpected difficult airways (2013, updated 2019)
●DAS, ICS, Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FICM), Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCOA): Guidelines for the management of tracheal intubation in critically ill adults (2018)
●Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI): Guidelines on safer pre-hospital anaesthesia (2017)
●DAS: Guidelines for management of unanticipated difficult intubation in adults (2015)
●Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association (OAA) and DAS: Guidelines for the management of difficult and failed tracheal intubation in obstetrics (2015)
●DAS: Guidelines for the management of tracheal extubation (2012)
●National Tracheostomy Safety Project (NTSP): Multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of tracheostomy and laryngectomy airway emergencies (2012)
India
●All India Difficult Airway Association (AIDAA): Guidelines for the management of anticipated difficult extubation (2016)
●AIDAA: Guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult tracheal intubation in adults (2016)
●AIDAA: Guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics (2016)
●AIDAA: Guidelines for tracheal intubation in the intensive care unit (2016)
Australia–New Zealand
●Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA): Guideline on equipment to manage difficult airways (2021)
•ANZCA: Guideline on equipment to manage difficult airways background paper (2021)
●Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC) and New Zealand Resuscitation Council (NZRC): Guideline 4 – Airway (2021)
●ANZCA: Guidelines for the management of evolving airway obstruction – Transition to the can't intubate can't oxygenate airway emergency (2017)
Japan
●[In English] Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists (JSA): Airway management guideline to improve the safety of induction of anesthesia (2014)
●[In Japanese] JSA: Airway management guideline to improve the safety of induction of anesthesia (2014)
