Clinical scenarios with known limitations of the fractional excretion of sodium

Scenarios with FENa <1%	Scenarios with FENa >2%
Normal kidney function with low or moderate salt intake	Normal kidney function with high salt intake or IV saline
Acute glomerulonephritis	Late urinary obstruction
Early AIN	Late AIN
Acute urinary obstruction	Glucosuria
Transplant rejection	Bicarbonaturia
ATN in the following situations: AKI with liver failure or CHF Sepsis-associated AKI Radiocontrast nephropathy Nonoliguric ATN Myoglobinuric ATN Hemoglobinuric ATN	Prerenal AKI in the following situations: Use of diuretics Chronic kidney disease FENa after IVF therapy Glucosuria Bicarbonaturia Salt-wasting disorders

FENa: fractional excretion of sodium; IV: intravenous; AIN: acute interstitial nephritis; ATN: acute tubular necrosis; AKI: acute kidney injury; CHF: congestive heart failure; IVF: intravenous fluid.

Republished with permission of the American Society of Nephrology. From: Traditional urinary biomarkers in the assessment of hospital-acquired AKI, Perazella MA, Coca SG, Vol. 7, Issue 1, Copyright © 2012 American Society of Nephrology; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.

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Clinical scenarios with known limitations of the fractional excretion of sodium