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تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Select nonneoplastic causes of adnexal mass in children and adolescents[1,2]

Select nonneoplastic causes of adnexal mass in children and adolescents[1,2]
Origin Associated clinical features Ultrasonographic features
Ovarian origin
Follicular cyst
  • Common in neonates and perimenarchal/menarcheal adolescents
  • Simple (clear fluid filled), or
  • Complex (containing debris, septae, solid components; echogenic wall)
Corpus luteal cyst
  • Pelvic pain
  • Complex (internal echoes)
Endometrioma ("chocolate cyst")
  • Rare in adolescents
  • Bilateral in 33%
  • Complex (unilocular cyst with echogenic debris)
Para-ovarian origin
Ectopic pregnancy
  • Abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding
  • Increasing beta-hCG
  • Pregnancy at ectopic site
  • Extraovarian adnexal mass
Hydrosalpinx or pyosalpinx
  • Acute pelvic pain
  • Dilated tubular structure adjacent to ovary, may have incomplete septations
Paraovarian/paratubal cysts (eg, mesonephric cysts, cysts of the broad ligament)
  • Often asymptomatic
  • Abdominal pain or distension
  • Increases risk of tubal torsion
  • Simple cysts
  • Size can range from a few millimeters to 15 cm or larger
Tubo-ovarian abscess
  • Usually a complication of PID; may result from intra-abdominal spread
  • Abdominopelvic pain
  • Fever
  • Purulent cervical discharge
  • Cervical motion tenderness
  • Leukocytosis
  • Complex
  • Multilocular
  • Obscure normal adnexal anatomy
  • Contains speckled fluid with internal echoes (inflammatory debris)
This table is meant for use with UpToDate content related to the evaluation of ovarian masses in children and adolescents. Refer to UpToDate content for additional details.
beta-hCG: beta-human chorionic gonadotropin; PID: pelvic inflammatory disease.
References:
  1. Strickland J, Laufer M. Adnexal masses. In: Emans, Laufer, Goldstein's Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 7th ed, Emans SJ, Laufer MR, Divasta AD (Eds), Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia 2020. p.529.
  2. Kirkham YA, Kives S. Ovarian cysts in adolescents: Medical and surgical management. Adolesc Med State Art Rev 2012; 23:178.
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