Ovarian tumor markers in adolescents^[1-3]

	Serum tumor markers
	AFP	beta-hCG*	CA-125	Estradiol	Inhibin A and B	LDH	Testosterone
Ovarian tumors in which tumor markers may be present
Malignant ovarian tumors
Adult granulosa cell tumors				✓
Choriocarcinoma		✓
Dysgerminoma		✓ (rare)		✓		✓
Embryonal carcinomas	✓	✓				✓
Endodermal sinus tumors	✓					✓
Epithelial tumors	✓		✓ (especially serous)
Juvenile granulosa cell tumors					✓
Immature teratoma	✓ (rare)		✓ (rare)	✓		✓
Mixed germ cell tumors	✓	✓				✓
Polyembryoma	✓ (rare)	✓
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors					✓		✓
Benign ovarian tumors
Thecoma				✓
Other conditions in which markers may be present
	Hepatoblastoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver disease Down syndrome Primary hypothyroidism (Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome)	Pregnancy Hydatidiform moles Placental site tumors	Bone tumors Breast cancer Endometrial malignancy Endometriosis Endometrioma Pelvic inflammatory disease Crohn disease		Primary hypothyroidism (Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome)	Hematologic malignancies Abdominal malignancies

This table is meant for use with UpToDate content related to the evaluation of ovarian masses in children and adolescents. Refer to UpToDate content for additional details.

AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; beta-hCG: beta-human chorionic gonadotropin; CA-125: cancer antigen 125; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.

References:

Mahajan P, Weldon CB, Frazier AL, Laufer MR. Gynecologic cancers in children and adolescents. In: Emans, Laufer, Goldstein's Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 7^th ed, Emans SJ, Laufer MR, Divasta AD (Eds), Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia 2020. p.556.
van Heerden J, Tjalma WA. The multidisciplinary approach to ovarian tumours in children and adolescents. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 243:103.
Kirkham YA, Kives S. Ovarian cysts in adolescents: Medical and surgical management. Adolesc Med State Art Rev 2012; 23:178.

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Ovarian tumor markers in adolescents[1-3]

Ovarian tumor markers in adolescents^[1-3]