Stages of wound healing

Wound healing is classically divided into 4 stages: (A) hemostasis, (B) inflammation, (C) proliferation, and (D) remodeling. Each stage is characterized by key molecular and cellular events and is coordinated by a host of secreted factors that are recognized and released by the cells of the wounding response. A representative subset of major factors are depicted.

PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; TGF: transforming growth factor; FGFs: fibroblast growth factors; IL-1: interleukin-1; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; KGF: keratinocyte growth factor; IGF: insulin-like growth factor; IFN: interferon; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase.

Reproduced from: Sun BK, Siprashvili Z, Khavari PA. Advances in skin grafting and treatment of cutaneous wounds. Science 2014; 346:941.

Graphic 128480 Version 1.0

خرید پکیج

Stages of wound healing