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Angiographic criteria for internal carotid near-occlusion

Angiographic criteria for internal carotid near-occlusion
The figures illustrate the four criteria for internal carotid near-occlusion on conventional angiography. In all figures, the intravenous contrast (gray color) is shown emanating from a catheter positioned in the CCA. 

(A) Delayed filling
(B) Evidence of intracranial collaterals when the contralateral side is examined
(C) Ipsilateral distal ICA diameter less than the contralateral distal ICA diameter
(D) Ipsilateral distal ICA diameter equal to or less than the ipsilateral ECA diameter

CCA: common carotid artery; ICA: internal carotid artery; ECA: external carotid artery.
Modified with permission of the American Society of Neuroradiology, from: Johansson E, Fox AJ. Carotid Near-Occlusion: A Comprehensive Review, Part 1--Definition, Terminology, and Diagnosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:2; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Copyright © 2016.
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