Version June 2024
| Contaminant | Associated clinical manifestations |
| Aluminum | Neurologic deterioration, encephalopathy, bone disease, anemia |
| Chlorine | Hemolysis, hyperkalemia, shortness of breath, hypoxia, cardiac arrest |
| Chlorine dioxide | Likely to cause methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia |
| Chloramine, (monochloramine) | Hemolysis, anemia, methemoglobinemia, EPO resistance |
| Copper | Nausea, hemolysis, chills, death |
| Zinc | Anemia, cardiovascular events |
| Fluoride | Bone disease, pruritus, chest pain, nausea, cardiac arrest (acute exposure to high concentrations) |
| Lead | Abdominal pain, muscle weakness, pruritus, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive changes |
| Nitrate | Nausea and vomiting, hypotension, methemoglobinemia |
| Sulfate | Nausea and vomiting, metabolic acidosis |
| Hydrogen peroxide | Cyanosis, methemoglobinemia |
| Silver-stabilized hydrogen peroxide | Cyanosis, methemoglobinemia |
| Sodium hypochlorite | Hemolysis, hyperkalemia, shortness of breath, hypoxia, cardiac arrest |
| Peracetic acid | Hemolysis |
| Cyanotoxins | Acute illness, death |
| Microcystins | Acute illness, death |
| Calcium | Nausea, vomiting, weakness, and hypertension (hard water syndrome) |
| Magnesium | Nausea and vomiting, muscle weakness |
| Potassium | Cardiovascular events |
| Sodium | Hypertension |
| Antimony | No data for hemodialysis patients Clinical manifestations in the general population include prolonged QT interval, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and carcinogenicity |
| Arsenic | No data for hemodialysis patients Clinical manifestations in the general population include dysphasia, followed by nausea, vomiting, burning in the stomach and esophagus, abdominal pain, diarrhea, cyanosis, hypoxic encephalopathy, and convulsions |
| Barium | No data for hemodialysis patients Clinical manifestations in the general population include obtundation, wide complex arrhythmias, respiratory failure, and hypokalemia |
| Beryllium | No data for hemodialysis patients Clinical manifestations in the general population include impaired pulmonary function, dermal reactions, and acute granulomatous immune process |
| Cadmium | Anemia, osteomalacia, increased risk of death |
| Chromium | No data for hemodialysis patients Clinical manifestations in the general population include microcytic hypochromic anemia, and carcinogenicity |
| Mercury | No data for hemodialysis patients Clinical manifestations in the general population include acrodynia and neurologic symptoms |
| Selenium | Cardiovascular events |
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