Version June 2024
| Contaminant | Component of the water treatment system used for removal |
| Chemical contaminants with documented toxicity in hemodialysis patients | |
| Aluminum | Reverse osmosis (60 to 99% removal) |
| Copper | Reverse osmosis (96 to 99% removal) |
| Fluoride | Reverse osmosis (80 to 99% removal) |
| Lead | Reverse osmosis (95 to 99% removal) |
| Nitrate | Reverse osmosis (90 to 95% removal) |
| Sulfate | Reverse osmosis (96 to 99% removal) |
| Zinc | Reverse osmosis (96 to 99% removal) |
| Disinfectants added to water either municipally or locally with potential or documented toxicity in hemodialysis patients | |
| Chlorine and monochloramine | Carbon filtration* |
| Chlorine dioxide | |
| Hydrogen peroxide | |
| Silver-stabilized peroxide | |
| Peracetic acid | |
| Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) | |
| Trace elements regulated in drinking water with potential toxicity in hemodialysis patients | |
| Antimony | Reverse osmosis (<90% removal) |
| Arsenic | Reverse osmosis (50 to 99% removal) |
| Barium | Reverse osmosis (99% removal) |
| Beryllium | Reverse osmosis (>90% removal) |
| Cadmium | Reverse osmosis (93 to 99% removal) |
| Chromium | Reverse osmosis (85 to 99% removal) |
| Mercury | Reverse osmosis (94 to 98% removal) |
| Selenium¶ | Reverse osmosis (99% removal) |
| Silver¶ | Reverse osmosis (93 to 97% removal) |
| Thallium | Reverse osmosis (>90% removal) |
| Substances included in the hemodialysis fluid prescription | |
| Calcium | Softener, reverse osmosis |
| Magnesium | Softener, reverse osmosis |
| Potassium | Reverse osmosis |
| Sodium | Reverse osmosis |
| Microbial contaminants | |
| Bacteria | Reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, ultraviolet radiationΔ |
| Endotoxin | Reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, ultraviolet radiationΔ |
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