| Risk reduction | Recommendation |
| General measures |
| | - Annual physical examination with a complete blood count.
|
| Cancer screening |
| Gastrointestinal tract cancer | - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy with polypectomy every 2 to 3 years, starting at age 8 to 10 years. Endoscopic polypectomy for polyps >0.5 cm that are detected during upper endoscopy and colonoscopy.
- VCE starting at age 8 years. CTE and MRE are alternatives if VCE cannot be performed. Small bowel polyps >1 cm detected on VCE, CTE, or MRE should be resected. The interval for follow-up is based on the findings. However, in the absence of polyps, follow-up screening is recommended at 18 years and then repeated every 2 to 3 years.
|
| Testicular tumors | - Annual examinations of the testicles starting at age 10 years.
- If abnormalities are detected on testicular examination or if patients have signs of feminization (eg, gynecomastia), additional evaluation (eg, testicular ultrasound) is warranted.
|
| Ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer | - Annual physical examination for observation of precocious puberty starting at age 8 years.
- Annual pelvic exam and Pap smear starting at age 18 to 20 years.
|
| Breast cancer | - Clinical breast examination every 6 months starting at age 30 years.
- Breast MRI and mammography annually starting at age 30 years.
|
| Pancreatic cancer | - MRCP or EUS annually starting at age 30 to 35 years.
- Pancreatic cancer screening should preferably be performed in the setting of a research protocol at an experienced center with a multidisciplinary team.
|
| Other cancers | - Guidelines for screening for lung cancer do not differ from those for the general population.
- Patient education regarding symptom recognition and smoking cessation.
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