Fatty acid profile of human milk across lactation stages

	Term infants			Preterm infants
	Colostrum	Transitional	Mature	Colostrum	Transitional	Mature
Saturated fatty acids
Caprylic acid (C8:0)	0.07-0.19	0.2-0.31	0.2-0.3	0.03-0.03	0.09-0.11	0.16-0.16
Capric acid (C10:0)	0.5-1.04	1.2-1.6	1.5-1.8	0.09-0.09	1.0-1.7	1.2-2.1
Lauric acid (C12:0)	2.8-3.5	5.4-6.6	5.7-6.5	3.2-4.6	5.7-7.5	5.7-8.1
Myristic acid (C14:0)	5.4-6.0	6.6-7.5	6.5-7.1	5.8-7.2	8.0-9.2	7.4-9.0
Palmitic acid (C16:0)	24.3-25.5	21.9-23.3	21.7-22.7	22.5-24.1	21.5-23.5	20.9-22.3
Stearic acid (C18:0)	6.2-6.6	6.1-6.7	6.3-6.6	5.8-6.5	6.0-6.9	6.2-7.1
Arachidic acid (C20:0)	0.19-0.25	0.20-0.32	0.20-0.26	0.16-0.18	0.15-0.15	0.20-0.30
Monounsaturated fatty acids
Myristoleic acid (C14:1n-5)	0.13-0.23	0.19-0.25	0.18-0.22	0.11-0.13	0.22-0.22	0.21-0.21
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7)	1.9-2.2	2.0-2.4	2.2-2.4	1.7-1.8	2.1-2.5	2.0-2.5
Oleic acid (C18:1n-9)	34.7-35.9	31.2-33.2	32.2-33.6	30.6-33.7	30.5-34.3	31.7-36.7
Vaccenic acid (C18:1n-7)	2.6-2.8	1.9-2.0	1.7-2.1	2.3-2.4	2.5-2.6	2.1-2.2
Erucic acid (C22:1n-9)	0.20-0.24	0.14-0.28	0.10-0.12	0.16-0.16	0.10-0.14	0.08-0.05
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs)
Alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3)	0.74-0.90	0.84-1.06	0.91-1.03	0.69-1.09	0.70-1.02	0.85-1.13
Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3)	0.08-0.12	0.11-0.17	0.08-0.10	0.06-0.10	0.10-0.16	0.08-0.16
Clupanodonic acid (C22:5n-3)	0.27-0.33	0.19-0.25	0.14-0.16	0.30-0.34	0.24-0.36	0.16-0.24
Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3)	0.47-0.55	0.40-0.52	0.28-0.34	0.43-0.71	0.47-0.67	0.31-0.49
n-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 LCPUFAs)
Linoleic acid (C18:2n-6)	13.5-15.3	13.4-14.8	14.3-15.7	13.7-16.3	11.4-13.6	12.3-14.4
Gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3n-6)	0.07-0.11	0.10-0.18	0.14-0.20	0.07-0.07	0.09-0.13	0.11-0.21
Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2n-6)	0.82-0.96	0.53-0.63	0.35-0.41	0.89-0.95	0.28-0.30	0.24-0.24
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (C20:3n-6)	0.56-0.64	0.46-0.52	0.39-0.43	0.69-0.81	0.47-0.55	0.40-0.50
Arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6)	0.73-0.81	0.61-0.69	0.45-0.51	0.68-0.90	0.54-0.68	0.48-0.58
Docosatetraenoic acid (C22:4n-6)	0.29-0.39	0.19-0.25	0.09-0.11	0.44-0.49	0.22-0.22	0.13-0.17
Adrenic acid (C22:5n-6)	0.13-0.21	0.09-0.13	0.06-0.10	0.15-0.17	0.05-0.05	0.05-0.09

Data shows the relative proportion in total lipids (%) between mothers who had term and preterm infants. Colostrum = 0 to 5 DPL; transitional = 6 to 15 DPL; mature = 16 to 60 DPL.

n-3: omega-3; LCPUFA: long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid; n-6: omega-6; DPL: days of postnatal life.

From: Ramiro-Cortijo D, Singh P, Liu Y, et al. Breast Milk Lipids and Fatty Acids in Regulating Neonatal Intestinal Development and Protecting against Intestinal Injury. Nutrients 2020; 12:534. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/2/534. Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Reproduced under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.

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Fatty acid profile of human milk across lactation stages