Gastrointestinal manifestations of intestinal failure in children

After intestinal resection, malabsorption of several classes of nutrients ensues (depending on the site of resection) and numerous inflammatory complications (eg, bacterial overgrowth, colitis, anastomotic ulcerations, peptic disease with hypergastrinemia, and increased intestinal permeability) occur. Water and electrolyte losses are also commonly observed. Intestinal failure–associated liver disease has multiple manifestations.