Introduction — This topic includes links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and regions around the world. We will update these links periodically; newer versions of some guidelines may be available on each society's website. Some societies may require users to log in to access their guidelines.
The recommendations in the following guidelines may vary from those that appear in UpToDate topic reviews. Readers who are looking for UpToDate topic reviews should use the UpToDate search box to find the relevant content.
Critical care for specific patient populations are discussed separately, along with links to related COVID-19 guidelines. (See "Society guideline links: COVID-19 – Index of guideline topics", section on 'Society guideline topics by medical specialty'.)
International
●World Health Organization (WHO): Interim guidance for the clinical care of severe acute respiratory infections – Tool kit, update (2022)
●Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO): ECMO for COVID-19 – Updated guidelines (2021)
●COVID-19 PICU guidelines for high- and limited-resource settings (2020)
●International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH): Clinical guidance on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020)
●ISTH: Consensus‐based clinical recommendations and research priorities for anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis in children hospitalized for COVID-19-related illness (2020)
●Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC): Position article and guidelines – Perspective on regulation of interleukin-6 signaling in COVID-19-related systemic inflammatory response (2020)
Canada
●Transfusion thresholds for adult respiratory extracorporeal life support – An expert consensus document (2020)
United States
●National Institutes of Health (NIH): COVID-19 treatment guidelines – Critical care for adults
●NIH: COVID-19 treatment guidelines – Critical care for children
●Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA): Guidelines on the treatment and management of patients with COVID-19 – Convalescent plasma (2021, updated 2023)
●American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Interfacility transport of the critically ill neonatal or pediatric patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (2021)
●AAP: Interim guidance on providing acute care in the ambulatory setting during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, updated 2021)
●Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM): Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines on the management of adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the ICU (2021)
●American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST)/American Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (AABIP)/Association of Interventional Pulmonology: Consensus statement on use of tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020)
●American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS): COVID-19 – Interim guidance on rehabilitation in the hospital and post-hospital phase (2020)
●Multidisciplinary guidance regarding the use of immunomodulatory therapies for acute COVID-19 in pediatric patients (2020)
●Multidisciplinary guidance to manage comatose patients with severe COVID‐19 (2020)
●New York Head and Neck Society: Recommendations on tracheostomy during SARS‐CoV-2 pandemic (2020)
Europe
●Considerations for nutrition support in critically ill children with COVID-19 and paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (2021)
●European Respiratory Society (ERS): Living guideline for the management of hospitalised adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2021)
●European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC): Recommendations for caring for critically ill children with suspected or proven coronavirus disease 2019 infection (2021)
●American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS): COVID-19 – Interim guidance on rehabilitation in the hospital and post-hospital phase (2020)
●European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN): Expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020)
●ESPNIC: European consensus recommendations for neonatal and paediatric retrievals of positive or suspected COVID-19 infants and children (2020)
●ESPNIC: Guidance for the care of the deteriorating child or in cardiac arrest with suspected or proven COVID-19 infection (2020)
●Paediatric Mechanical Ventilation Consensus Conference (PEMVECC) and ESPNIC: Practice recommendations for the management of children with suspected or proven COVID-19 infections (2020)
United Kingdom
●National Health Service (NHS) England: Interim clinical commissioning policy – Remdesivir for patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 (adults and adolescents 12 years and older) (2022)
●Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH): COVID-19 – Guidance for management of children admitted to hospital and for treatment of non-hospitalised children at risk of severe disease (2020, updated 2022)
●British Thoracic Society (BTS): Guidance on venous thromboembolic disease in patients with COVID-19 (2021)
●BTS/Intensive Care Society (ICS): Guidance on respiratory care in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure associated with COVID-19 (2021)
●Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FICM)/ICS: Rapid update to clinical guide for the management of critical care for adults with COVID-19 during the coronavirus pandemic (2021)
•FICM and ICS: Clinical guide for the management of critical care for adults with COVID-19 during the coronavirus pandemic (2021)
●British Paediatric Respiratory Society (BPRS): Guidance for management of children with tracheostomies and those on long-term ventilation during the endemic phase of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (2020)
●BTS: Guidance for community management of patients receiving long-term ventilation (LTV) during and beyond COVID-19 (2020)
●BTS: Guidance on delivering rehabilitation to patients surviving COVID-19 using an adapted pulmonary rehabilitation approach (2020)
●BTS: Guidance on respiratory follow up of patients with a clinico-radiological diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia (2020)
●FICM, ICS, Association of Anaesthetists, Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCOA), and Royal College of Physicians (RCP): Clinical guide for the prevention, detection, and management of thromboembolic disease in patients with COVID-19 (2020)
●ICS: Clinical guideline on assessing whether COVID-19 patients will benefit from critical care, and an objective approach to capacity challenges during a pandemic (2020)
●National Tracheostomy Safety Project (NTSP): Guidance on paediatric tracheostomy and tracheostomy long-term ventilated care (2020)
●Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN): COVID-19 position statement – CPAP for COVID-19-related respiratory failure (2020)
●SIGN: COVID-19 position statement – The prevention and management of thromboembolism in hospitalised patients with COVID-19-related disease (2020)
India
●All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS)/Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)/Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MHFW): Clinical guidance for management of adult COVID-19 patients (2023)
●Government of India MHFW: Clinical management protocol for COVID-19 (in adults) (2021)
Australia–New Zealand
●National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce: Living guidelines on caring for people with COVID-19 (2021)
●New South Wales (NSW) Health: Basic life support (BLS) guidance – Suspected or confirmed COVID-19 ONLY (2021)
●NSW Health: Care of adult patients with COVID-19 in acute inpatient wards (2021)
●NSW Health: Clinical practice guide for respiratory support in adults with COVID-19 (2021)
●NSW Health: ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021)
●NSW Health: Management of adults with COVID-19 in the post-acute phase – A model of care for NSW health clinicians (2021)
●NSW Health: Management of paediatric patients requiring intensive care (2021)
●Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS): COVID-19 guidelines (2020)
●Australian Government Department of Health (DOH): Guide for general practitioners to inform shared decision making with patients around risk of severe illness related to COVID-19 (2020)
Japan
●[In Japanese] Choosing Wisely Japan: Do not intubate frail elderly patients as much as possible without consulting with their family about the patient's prior instructions (2020)
