Evaluation and management of chronic pain in patients with dementia who are unable to verbally report pain

This algorithm provides an overview of the approach to the older patient with dementia who is unable to provide a reliable verbal report of pain. For further information refer to UpToDate content on management of chronic pain in older adults.

* Caregivers tend to overestimate the degree of pain in patients with dementia, whereas health care workers tend to underestimate the degree of pain.
¶ Basic comfort needs include toileting, thirst, hunger, or visual or hearing impairment. Other sources of distress may include loneliness, anxiety, fear, or depression.

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Evaluation and management of chronic pain in patients with dementia who are unable to verbally report pain